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The main purpose of a university is to educate people and prepare them to lead fulfilling lives. One of the most valuable lessons a person can learn is the value of independence and self-sufficiency. Hence, scholarship grants should not be used to help students cover the cost of school. Unlike loans, which must be repaid from later earnings, or work-study programs, which require students to perform some task in exchange for financial assistance, scholarship grants do little to encourage independence or self-sufficiency.

Which of the following best describes the role played by the bolded phrase in the argument above?

A. It provides necessary support for the conclusion by describing a specific example.
B. It illustrates a general principle regarding the primary purpose of universities.
C. It reaches a conclusion in opposition to that of the author of the argument.
D. It states the point that the author sets out to prove.
E. It summarizes a position that is unsupported by the evidence presented.

Official Explanation:


Conclusion: Hence, scholarship grants should not be used to help students cover the cost of school.
Premise: One of the most valuable lessons a person can learn is the value of independence and self-sufficiency. Unlike loans, which must be repaid from later earnings, or work-study programs, which require students to perform some task in exchange for financial assistance, scholarship grants do little to encourage independence or self-sufficiency.

This is an ID the Reasoning question, as evidenced by Which of the following best describes the role played by the bolded phrase. The passage states that One of the most valuable lessons a person can learn is the value of independence and self-sufficiency. Using the evidence Unlike loans…scholarship grants do little to encourage independence or self-sufficiency, the author concludes scholarship grants should not be used to help students cover the cost of school.

The passage contains a planning reasoning pattern, which concludes with a plan or recommendation for action. The plan is the recommendation that scholarship grants should not be used to help students cover the cost of school. Thus, the bolded phrase is the author’s central claim or conclusion. Evaluate the answers, looking for one that reflects this idea.

Choice A: No. This choice describes something the argument did not do. The bolded phrase does not provide necessary support for the conclusion because the fact that scholarship grants should not be used to help students cover the cost of school is the author’s central claim.

Choice B: No. The fact that this statement is a general principle only partially matches. The passage states that The main purpose of a university is to educate people and prepare them to lead fulfilling lives. Thus, the bolded phrase is a specific recommendation for action to help achieve the main purpose.

Choice C: No. The fact that the bolded phrase is a conclusion only partially matches. The statement scholarship grants should not be used to help students cover the cost of school is a recommendation by the author, not in opposition to that of the author.

Choice D: Correct. The author uses the facts that scholarship grants do little to encourage independence or self-sufficiency and one of the most valuable lessons a person can learn is the value of independence and self-sufficiency in order to prove that scholarship grants should not be used to help students cover the cost of school.

Choice E: No. The phrase summarizes a position only partially matches and unsupported by the evidence is false. The author cites the facts that scholarship grants do little to encourage independence or self-sufficiency and one of the most valuable lessons a person can learn is the value of independence and self-sufficiency.

The correct answer is choice D.
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The main purpose of a university is to educate people and prepare them to lead fulfilling lives. One of the most valuable lessons a person can learn is the value of independence and self-sufficiency. Hence, scholarship grants should not be used to help students cover the cost of school. Unlike loans, which must be repaid from later earnings, or work-study programs, which require students to perform some task in exchange for financial assistance, scholarship grants do little to encourage independence or self-sufficiency.

Which of the following best describes the role played by the bolded phrase in the argument above?

A. It provides necessary support for the conclusion by describing a specific example.

Boldface itself is the conclusion. Eliminate.

B. It illustrates a general principle regarding the primary purpose of universities.

First line of the passage illustrates the general principle and not the BF. Eliminate

C. It reaches a conclusion in opposition to that of the author of the argument.

There is no opposition to author's view in the passage. All the views are of the author. Eliminate

D. It states the point that the author sets out to prove. Correct

E. It summarizes a position that is unsupported by the evidence presented.

Evidence/example supports the BF. Eliminate
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