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22 Nov 2014, 06:35
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Even though apes are the only nonhuman creatures able to learn human language, no ape has ever used its human language skill-q to ask such philosophical questions as, "How am I different from all other creatures?" Therefore, philosophical thought is unique to humans.
The conclusion in the passage above relies on which one of the following assumptions?
(A) Human language is unique to humans.
(B) Apes are incapable of thinking in human language.
(C) Philosophical thought can be expressed only in human language.
(D) Speaking in human language is easier than thinking in human language.
(E) It is more difficult to learn human language than to express philosophical questions.
The conclusion in the passage above relies on which one of the following assumptions?
(A) Human language is unique to humans.
(B) Apes are incapable of thinking in human language.
(C) Philosophical thought can be expressed only in human language.
(D) Speaking in human language is easier than thinking in human language.
(E) It is more difficult to learn human language than to express philosophical questions.
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24 Nov 2014, 06:54
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Even though apes are the only nonhuman creatures able to learn human language, no ape has ever used its human language skill-q to ask such philosophical questions as, "How am I different from all other creatures?" Therefore, philosophical thought is unique to humans.
The conclusion in the passage above relies on which one of the following assumptions?
Pr.1: Apes can learn Human language
Pr.2: But, Apes do not ask Philosophical questions.
Conc.: Therefore, Philosophical thought is unique to humans.
Pre-think: Our prethinking process says that author has assumed a connection or link between human language and expressing philosophical thoughts.
(A) Human language is unique to humans - Negating it implies that Human language is not unique or limited to humans, even that does not cancel the conclusion.
(B) Apes are incapable of thinking in human language - Even if they are capable of thinking in human language apart from learning it, we cannot say that they lack philosophical thinking process. It might be the case that they do not want to express them.
(C) Philosophical thought can be expressed only in human language - Seems correct. What if they express it in some other way such as by some kind of sign language or action or something like this.
(D) Speaking in human language is easier than thinking in human language - Even if it is difficult, they still can express it.
(E) It is more difficult to learn human language than to express philosophical questions - Same as D.
OA please....and correct me if I am wrong in my reasoning....
The conclusion in the passage above relies on which one of the following assumptions?
Pr.1: Apes can learn Human language
Pr.2: But, Apes do not ask Philosophical questions.
Conc.: Therefore, Philosophical thought is unique to humans.
Pre-think: Our prethinking process says that author has assumed a connection or link between human language and expressing philosophical thoughts.
(A) Human language is unique to humans - Negating it implies that Human language is not unique or limited to humans, even that does not cancel the conclusion.
(B) Apes are incapable of thinking in human language - Even if they are capable of thinking in human language apart from learning it, we cannot say that they lack philosophical thinking process. It might be the case that they do not want to express them.
(C) Philosophical thought can be expressed only in human language - Seems correct. What if they express it in some other way such as by some kind of sign language or action or something like this.
(D) Speaking in human language is easier than thinking in human language - Even if it is difficult, they still can express it.
(E) It is more difficult to learn human language than to express philosophical questions - Same as D.
OA please....and correct me if I am wrong in my reasoning....
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Expert reply
24 Nov 2014, 12:35
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The conclusion of this argument is that only humans have philosophical thought (which I'll refer to as "philosophy" from now on to type less!). Why is it that only humans have philosophy?
It's because apes are the only nonhuman animals to learn human language, and they haven't used it to ask a philosophical question.
Strange argument! Let's see if we can find a gap. I accept that apes are the only ones to learn our language and that they haven't asked any deep questions yet, but does it mean only humans have philosophy? For one, perhaps those apes just weren't compelled to speak their mind. Similarly, perhaps dolphins have philosophy, but express it in their own dolphin language.
We're looking for a necessary assumption, and (C) is one as it addresses that second gap. If we negate it, and assume that philosophy could be expressed in nonhuman languages, then the argument doesn't make sense since the premises are all about what's been done (or hasn't) in human language.
As for the wrong answers:
(A) is tricky. We actually learned that apes could learn human language, so (A) is just trying to take-down a premise!
(B) is tempting, but "thinking" is too broad. We're interested in philisophical thinking. Furthermore, whether apes are capable is not actually the issue, it's whether they do it.
(D) is tempting, but we're not interested in the relative difficulty of the tasks. Even if speaking were harder than thinking (in human language), we still could have apes be able to speak and not be able to think.
(E) is similar to (D) in that it compares how difficult various tasks are. It's irrelevant how hard these tasks are.
It's because apes are the only nonhuman animals to learn human language, and they haven't used it to ask a philosophical question.
Strange argument! Let's see if we can find a gap. I accept that apes are the only ones to learn our language and that they haven't asked any deep questions yet, but does it mean only humans have philosophy? For one, perhaps those apes just weren't compelled to speak their mind. Similarly, perhaps dolphins have philosophy, but express it in their own dolphin language.
We're looking for a necessary assumption, and (C) is one as it addresses that second gap. If we negate it, and assume that philosophy could be expressed in nonhuman languages, then the argument doesn't make sense since the premises are all about what's been done (or hasn't) in human language.
As for the wrong answers:
(A) is tricky. We actually learned that apes could learn human language, so (A) is just trying to take-down a premise!
(B) is tempting, but "thinking" is too broad. We're interested in philisophical thinking. Furthermore, whether apes are capable is not actually the issue, it's whether they do it.
(D) is tempting, but we're not interested in the relative difficulty of the tasks. Even if speaking were harder than thinking (in human language), we still could have apes be able to speak and not be able to think.
(E) is similar to (D) in that it compares how difficult various tasks are. It's irrelevant how hard these tasks are.
