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03 Oct 2020, 20:02
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B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
45%
(medium)
Question Stats:
70% (02:09) correct
30%
(02:16)
wrong
based on 298
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
An association between two types of conditions does not establish that conditions of one type cause conditions of the other type. Even persistent and inviolable association is inconclusive; such association is often due to conditions of both types being effects of the same kind of cause.
Which one of the following judgments most closely conforms to the principle stated above?
(A) Some people claim that rapid growth of the money supply is what causes inflation. But this is a naive view. What these people do not realize is that growth in the money supply and inflation are actually one and the same phenomenon.
(B) People who have high blood pressure tend to be overweight. But before we draw any inferences, we should consider that an unhealthy lifestyle can cause high blood pressure, and weight gain can result from living unhealthily.
(C) In some areas, there is a high correlation between ice cream consumption and the crime rate. Some researchers have proposed related third factors, but we cannot rule out that the correlation is purely coincidental.
(D) People’s moods seem to vary with the color of the clothes they wear. Dark colors are associated with gloomy moods, and bright colors are associated with cheerful moods. This correlation resolves nothing, however. We cannot say whether it is the colors that cause the moods or the converse.
(E) Linguists propose that the similarities between Greek and Latin are due to their common descent from an earlier language. But how are we to know that the similarities are not actually due to the two languages having borrowed structures from one another, as with the languages Marathi and Telugu?
Which one of the following judgments most closely conforms to the principle stated above?
(A) Some people claim that rapid growth of the money supply is what causes inflation. But this is a naive view. What these people do not realize is that growth in the money supply and inflation are actually one and the same phenomenon.
(B) People who have high blood pressure tend to be overweight. But before we draw any inferences, we should consider that an unhealthy lifestyle can cause high blood pressure, and weight gain can result from living unhealthily.
(C) In some areas, there is a high correlation between ice cream consumption and the crime rate. Some researchers have proposed related third factors, but we cannot rule out that the correlation is purely coincidental.
(D) People’s moods seem to vary with the color of the clothes they wear. Dark colors are associated with gloomy moods, and bright colors are associated with cheerful moods. This correlation resolves nothing, however. We cannot say whether it is the colors that cause the moods or the converse.
(E) Linguists propose that the similarities between Greek and Latin are due to their common descent from an earlier language. But how are we to know that the similarities are not actually due to the two languages having borrowed structures from one another, as with the languages Marathi and Telugu?
Quote:
A and B associated
A and B : persistent
A and B due to same kind of cause
Quote:
Quote:
A and B – same - wrong
Quote:
A (HBP) and B (OW)
A (HBP) and C (UL)
B ((OW) results from C (UL)
A and B results from C
Quote:
A and B high correlation
Due to 3rd factor and coincidental
coincidental makes it wrong
proposed - means not sure- wrong
Quote:
A and B
A cause B or B cause A
We need to find C cause A and B
wrong
Quote:
G and L from common language
M and L from not common language
reject
04 Oct 2020, 20:08
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KAPLAN OFFICIAL EXPLANATION
(B) Principle
Be clear about whether you are being asked to apply
a specific situation to a general principle or vice
versa.
In this case, the question stem indicates that the
general principle will be found in the stimulus, and we
are to find the choice that most closely conforms to it.
The stimulus sounds a lot like a warning against logical
flaws (which is good advice to LSAT test takers). In
essence, the stimulus tells us that evidence of a
correlation between two conditions or phenomena
doesn’t always mean that one has to cause the other.
Even a persistent correlation is probably due to both
phenomena having a common cause. Let’s keep an
eye out for an answer choice that gives us two strongly
correlated conditions with evidence that they are both
effects of the same cause.
(A) says that the two correlated phenomena (inflation
and growth of the money supply) are actually one and
the same. This isn’t the same as the principle in the
stimulus.
(B) considers the strong correlation between having
high blood pressure and being overweight, but cautions
us against applying a claim of causation. Instead, (B)
says, both of these conditions are likely the results of
a common cause, unhealthy living. This conforms to
the principle in every way, and has to be our match.
(C) suggests that the correlation between two things is
coincidental, not that they share a common cause.
(D) cautions us against applying causality to the
correlation between clothing color and overall mood,
but not because there’s probably a third factor that
influences both. (D) just says that we can’t be sure
which of the two correlated factors causes the other.
(E) starts off great, giving us the “common cause”
element we’re looking for. But then it veers off track by
undermining the common cause and saying that Latin
and Greek are probably so similar because they
borrowed from each other.
(B) Principle
Be clear about whether you are being asked to apply
a specific situation to a general principle or vice
versa.
In this case, the question stem indicates that the
general principle will be found in the stimulus, and we
are to find the choice that most closely conforms to it.
The stimulus sounds a lot like a warning against logical
flaws (which is good advice to LSAT test takers). In
essence, the stimulus tells us that evidence of a
correlation between two conditions or phenomena
doesn’t always mean that one has to cause the other.
Even a persistent correlation is probably due to both
phenomena having a common cause. Let’s keep an
eye out for an answer choice that gives us two strongly
correlated conditions with evidence that they are both
effects of the same cause.
(A) says that the two correlated phenomena (inflation
and growth of the money supply) are actually one and
the same. This isn’t the same as the principle in the
stimulus.
(B) considers the strong correlation between having
high blood pressure and being overweight, but cautions
us against applying a claim of causation. Instead, (B)
says, both of these conditions are likely the results of
a common cause, unhealthy living. This conforms to
the principle in every way, and has to be our match.
(C) suggests that the correlation between two things is
coincidental, not that they share a common cause.
(D) cautions us against applying causality to the
correlation between clothing color and overall mood,
but not because there’s probably a third factor that
influences both. (D) just says that we can’t be sure
which of the two correlated factors causes the other.
(E) starts off great, giving us the “common cause”
element we’re looking for. But then it veers off track by
undermining the common cause and saying that Latin
and Greek are probably so similar because they
borrowed from each other.
