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After large numbers of honeybees in Zaronia were found dead, evidence pointed to the possibility that the bees were sickened by the fungicide Voxper, which had recently been introduced into areas where many of the bees had hives. The government banned the use of Voxper, which was no longer used in Zaronia during the three years following the ban. But after three years, bee populations had not recovered and bees were still dying. It can be concluded that Voxper was not in fact the cause of the bees' death.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A. Honeybees had lived in the affected areas of Zaronia for many years before Voxper was applied.
B. Voxper was found to have adverse effects on insects other than honeybees.
C. The environmental effects of Voxper are unlikely to have persisted for three years following its most recent use.
D. The government ban on Voxper was in force only in areas containing large concentrations of bees.
E. Honey and wax production was essentially unchanged in areas where Voxper was not applied.

Conclusion of the argument: Voxper was not in fact the cause of the bees' death

Support Provided / Line of Reasoning: Three years after the ban on Voxper, bee populations had not recovered and bees were still dying.

Answer Choice Elimination:

A. Honeybees had lived in the affected areas of Zaronia for many years before Voxper was applied.

Not relevant. We have to find an assumption in the line of the reasoning provided.

B. Voxper was found to have adverse effects on insects other than honeybees.

The presented argument is regarding the adverse effects of Voxper on honeybees. Hence, the presented statement is not a necessary assumption for the conclusion.

C. The environmental effects of Voxper are unlikely to have persisted for three years following its most recent use.

Perfect! The author concludes that Voxper was not in fact the cause of the bees' death because even three years after the ban on Voxper, bee populations had not recovered and bees were still dying. Hence, the author assumes that the effects of Voxper are unlikely to have persisted for three years. We can keep this option.

D. The government ban on Voxper was in force only in areas containing large concentrations of bees.

This statement in a way weakens the conclusion. The statements tell us the ban was not implemented in all areas. Hence, we can eliminate this option.

E. Honey and wax production was essentially unchanged in areas where Voxper was not applied.

Irrelevant to the conclusion and is not an assumption. Hence, we can elimiante this option.
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­A: this has no effect on the conclusion. even if honeybees hadn't lived in the affected areas of zaronia for many years before voxper was applied, it wouldn't matter-- we only care whether or not voxper was the cause of death.

B: The conclusion is about the cause of death of honeybees, not any other insects.

C: If the environmental effects HAVE persisted, then perhaps Voxper WAS the cause of the death of the honeybees (Voxper's environmental effects, anyhow).

D: We don't have to assume this for our argument to still work. If we negated this statement such that the gvmt ban ecompassed other areas, its still possible that Voxper is not the cause of death like the conclusion says. The argument doesn't break apart, so this choice can be eliminated.

E: The passage doesn't give us ANY information about honey and wax production, so its unclear how it might relate to the conclusion.
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Let's break down this argument together and identify what the author must be assuming.

Understanding the Argument Flow

Here's what's happening in this passage:
- Bees died → Evidence pointed to Voxper fungicide
- Government banned Voxper completely for 3 years
- After 3 years: Bees still dying, populations not recovered
- Conclusion: Voxper was NOT the cause

Think about this logic for a moment. The author is essentially saying: "We removed the suspected cause, but the problem continued, so that wasn't the real cause." Notice how absolute this conclusion is - the author isn't saying Voxper might not be the cause, but that it definitively was not the cause.

Finding the Hidden Assumption

Let's use a simple analogy. Imagine you have a headache and suspect it's from coffee. You stop drinking coffee, but three days later you still have the headache. Can you conclude coffee wasn't the cause? Well, that depends on whether coffee's effects could last three days, right?

That's exactly what's happening here. The argument assumes that if Voxper were the cause, its effects would have disappeared within 3 years. But what if Voxper has long-lasting environmental effects?

Evaluating Answer Choice C

Look at choice C: "The environmental effects of Voxper are unlikely to have persisted for three years following its most recent use."

This is precisely what the argument must assume. If Voxper's effects could persist for 3+ years (maybe it contaminated the soil or water permanently), then continued bee deaths wouldn't prove Voxper wasn't the original cause. The bees could still be dying from Voxper's lingering effects.

Here's a quick check: If we negate this assumption (Voxper's effects COULD persist for 3+ years), the conclusion falls apart. That's the hallmark of a necessary assumption.

Why Other Choices Don't Work

- Choice A (bees lived there for years before): Doesn't matter for the logic
- Choice B (effects on other insects): Irrelevant to whether it caused honeybee deaths
- Choice D (ban only in bee areas): Actually weakens the argument
- Choice E (production in other areas): The argument doesn't compare different areas

You can explore the complete framework for tackling assumption questions and see how this pattern applies to other similar problems on Neuron by e-GMAT. The platform shows you 3 alternative approaches to solve this type of question and reveals the systematic method for identifying temporal assumptions. You can also practice with comprehensive solutions for many other official GMAT questions here to build consistent accuracy in assumption questions.
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Reading mind map
After large numbers of honeybees in Zaronia were found dead _ Premise
evidence pointed to the possibility that the bees were sickened by the fungicide Voxper, (IC/ Hypothesis)
which had recently been introduced into areas where many of the bees had hives. (evidence)
The government banned the use of Voxper, which was no longer used in Zaronia during the three years following the ban. (evidence)
But after three years, bee populations had not recovered and bees were still dying. (paradox)
It can be concluded that Voxper was not in fact the cause of the bees' death.(Conclusion)

Pre-thinking: Their impact of fungicide finished as soon as it was stopped using

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A. Honeybees had lived in the affected areas of Zaronia for many years before Voxper was applied.
B. Voxper was found to have adverse effects on insects other than honeybees.
C. The environmental effects of Voxper are unlikely to have persisted for three years following its most recent use. – Yes
D. The government ban on Voxper was in force only in areas containing large concentrations of bees.
E. Honey and wax production was essentially unchanged in areas where Voxper was not applied.
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