One of the main causes for air pollution and depletion of oil reserves

Question

One of the main causes for air pollution and depletion of oil reserves in Country X is the use of petrol as fuel in most cars. In recent years, however, the Ministry of Environmental Protection has managed to impose high tax rates on the acquisition of new petrol-fuelled cars, and last year an additional Gas Emissions tax was applied to all petrol-fuelled car owners.  Since owning a petrol-based car has now become a significant financial liability, car drivers nationwide are replacing their old petrol-only cars with hybrid cars or bio-diesel-fuelled cars, which create less pollution and consume less, if any, petrol . It is foreseen that  this step will lead to a decrease in pollution and to the stabilization of oil prices over the next decade or two .

In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

A. The first is evidence describing a relationship of cause and effect; the second is further evidence focusing on the effect.

B. The first is evidence describing a relationship of cause and effect; the second is further evidence focusing on the cause.

C. The first is the argument's conclusion; the second is evidence describing a relationship of cause and effect contradicting that conclusion.

D. The first is evidence describing a relationship of cause and effect; the second is the argument's conclusion.

E. The first is the argument's conclusion; the second is the evidence on which this conclusion is based.

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Sathvik02 · Answer

It is foreseen that this step will lead to a decrease in pollution and to the stabilization of oil prices over the next decade or two  : IMO, this is the final opinion of the author and hence the argument's conclusion. The only option choice which depicts this scenario is  D , hence the right answer.

VivekSri · Answer

IMO is D.

Cause - The reason of air pollution and depletion of oil reserves in Country X is the use of petrol as fuel in most cars.
Effect - To deter the use of Petrol Car, Gov decided to impose tax on cars runs on petrol as well as also taxing on emission.
How to prove that This cause and effect is really working ?
To prove this, evidence is given that 
car drivers nationwide are replacing their old petrol-only cars with hybrid cars or bio-diesel-fuelled cars.

Last part is conclusion:
This will decrease in pollution and to the stabilization of oil prices over the next decade or two.

This is clearly written in option D.

A. The first is evidence describing a relationship of cause and effect; the second is further evidence focusing on the effect. -  The first part is correct, but the second part is telling it is evidence, but it is conclusion.
 
B. The first is evidence describing a relationship of cause and effect; the second is further evidence focusing on the cause.  The first part is correct, but the second part is telling it is evidence, but it is conclusion.

C. The first is the argument's conclusion; the second is evidence describing a relationship of cause and effect contradicting that conclusion. -  No the first part is not conclusion, so it is wrong

D. The first is evidence describing a relationship of cause and effect; the second is the argument's conclusion. -  Correct

E. The first is the argument's conclusion; the second is the evidence on which this conclusion is based. ->  No the first part is not conclusion, so it is wrong

poojaarora1818 · Answer

One of the main causes for air pollution and depletion of oil reserves in Country X is the use of petrol as fuel in most cars. In recent years, however, the Ministry of Environmental Protection has managed to impose high tax rates on the acquisition of new petrol-fuelled cars, and last year an additional Gas Emissions tax was applied to all petrol-fuelled car owners.  Since owning a petrol-based car has now become a significant financial liability, car drivers nationwide are replacing their old petrol-only cars with hybrid cars or bio-diesel-fuelled cars, which create less pollution and consume less, if any, petrol . It is foreseen that  this step will lead to a decrease in pollution and to the stabilization of oil prices over the next decade or two .

In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

A. The first is evidence describing a relationship of cause and effect; the second is further evidence focusing on the effect. Incorrect

B. The first is evidence describing a relationship of cause and effect; the second is further evidence focusing on the cause. Incorrect

C. The first is the argument's conclusion; the second is evidence describing a relationship of cause and effect contradicting that conclusion. Incorrect

D. The first is evidence describing a relationship of cause and effect; the second is the argument's conclusion. Correct

E. The first is the argument's conclusion; the second is the evidence on which this conclusion is based. Incorrect

IMO use of petrol as fuel in most cars causes air pollution. So, option D perfectly matches up and is the correct answer.

silversurfer11 · Answer

The first is evidence describing a relationship of cause and effect; the second is the argument's conclusion.Correct

silversurfer11 · Answer

IMO is D.

Cause - The reason of air pollution and depletion of oil reserves in Country X is the use of petrol as fuel in most cars.
Effect - To deter the use of Petrol Car, Gov decided to impose tax on cars runs on petrol as well as also taxing on emission.
How to prove that This cause and effect is really working ?
To prove this, evidence is given that
car drivers nationwide are replacing their old petrol-only cars with hybrid cars or bio-diesel-fuelled cars.

Bunuel · Answer

OFFICIAL EXPLANATION

One of the main causes for air pollution and depletion of oil reserves in Country X is the use of petrol as fuel in most cars. In recent years, however, the Ministry of Environmental Protection has managed to impose high tax rates on the acquisition of new petrol-fuelled cars, and last year an additional Gas Emissions tax was applied to all petrol-fuelled car owners.  Since owning a petrol-based car has now become a significant financial liability, car drivers nationwide are replacing their old petrol-only cars with hybrid cars or bio-diesel-fuelled cars, which create less pollution and consume less, if any, petrol . It is foreseen that  this step will lead to a decrease in pollution and to the stabilization of oil prices over the next decade or two .

In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

A. The first is evidence describing a relationship of cause and effect; the second is further evidence focusing on the effect.

Incorrect.

This is a Boldface Type question, in which you are required to define the role of the two boldface sections in the argument. Read the argument and break it down using indicative words:

Sentences 1 and 2 are premises because they are presented as givens of facts. 
  The first boldface portion, or sentence 3, has the reason conjunction since, but refers to something that is already happening (car drivers nationwide are replacing...) so it is given too, a premise.  
  The second boldface portion, or sentence 4, is a prediction (It is foreseen that...), i.e., a conclusion.

The first portion in boldface type indeed contains evidence (i.e., premise) describing a relationship of cause and effect: financial liability is the cause; the effect is that car drivers are replacing their old petrol-only cars.

The second part of this answer choice, however, incorrectly defines the second portion in boldface type as further evidence (i.e., premise).

B. The first is evidence describing a relationship of cause and effect; the second is further evidence focusing on the cause.

Incorrect.

The first portion in boldface type indeed contains evidence (i.e., premise) describing a relationship of cause and effect: financial liability is the cause; the effect is that car drivers are replacing their old petrol-only cars.

The second part of this answer choice, however, incorrectly defines the second portion in boldface type as further evidence (i.e., premise).

C. The first is the argument's conclusion; the second is evidence describing a relationship of cause and effect contradicting that conclusion.

Incorrect.

This answer choice can be ruled out purely on the basis of its first part. The first portion in boldface type is not the argument's conclusion but rather a premise.

D. The first is evidence describing a relationship of cause and effect; the second is the argument's conclusion.

The first portion in boldface type contains evidence (i.e., premise) describing a relationship of cause and effect: financial liability is the cause; the effect is that car drivers are replacing their old petrol-only cars. The second portion in boldface type is the argument's conclusion.

E. The first is the argument's conclusion; the second is the evidence on which this conclusion is based.

Incorrect.

This is a Boldface Type question, in which you are required to define the role of the two boldface sections in the argument. Read the argument and break it down using indicative words:

Sentences 1 and 2 are premises because they are presented as givens of facts. 
  The first boldface portion, or sentence 3, has the reason conjunction since, but refers to something that is already happening (car drivers nationwide are replacing...) so it is given too, a premise.  
  The second boldface portion, or sentence 4, is a prediction (It is foreseen that...), i.e., a conclusion.

This answer choice can be ruled out purely on the basis of its first part. The first portion in boldface type is not the argument's conclusion but rather a premise.

The second part of this answer choice is also incorrect as it defines the second boldface type portion as evidence when, in fact, it is the argument's conclusion.

One of the main causes for air pollution and depletion of oil reserves

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One of the main causes for air pollution and depletion of oil reserves

Prep Toolkit

615 to 715 in 15 Days (Ria's Strategies)

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Perfect 805 Score Debrief by Julia

My Rewards