Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
A certain species of coral that flourishes on a reef off the North Carolina coast provides shelter for more than 300 species. Among these species is a crab that feeds on the reef’s abundant seaweed. These crabs are able to survive on the reef only because the coral provides crannies in which they can hide to escape their many predators. The provision of benefits, however, extends in both directions, since ___________.Analyzing the passage, we see that the blank that the correct answer will fill is preceded by "since."
In this type of context, "since" is a support marker with a meaning similar to "because." So, the correct answer will provide support for the statement that precedes "since," which is the following:
The provision of benefits ... extends in both directions.Looking above that statement in the passage, we see that the passage conveys that the crabs benefit from living on the reef because the reef "provides crannies in which they can hide." So, the passage has indicated how the benefits go one way, from the reef to the crabs.
Thus, to support the statement that ""The provision of benefits ... extends in
both directions," the correct answer must indicate that the benefits also go in the other direction, from the crabs to the reef.
A. crabs of this species are rarely found among coral that grows in waters deeper than those of the reef off North CarolinaThe fact that crabs of the species in question are not found among coral that grows in deeper waters does not mean that the coral on which the crabs are found benefits from the presence of the crabs.
Eliminate.
B. crabs of this species cannot survive in a well-lit area if no corals grow thereThis choice indicates that the crabs benefit from the presence of the coral, not that the benefits go in the other direction, to the coral.
After all, the fact that the crabs can survive in a well lit area only if corals grow there doesn't mean that coral benefits.
Eliminate.
C. no other species that find shelter among corals off the North Carolina coast compete with crabs of this species for foodThis fact indicates that the crabs are well situated in the corals of the North Carolina coast.
That doesn't mean that the corals benefit from the presence of the crabs.
Eliminate.
D. the unfettered growth of seaweed severely inhibits the growth of coralsThis choice is interesting.
The passage says the following:
Among these species is a crab that feeds on the reef’s abundant seaweed.If the crabs eat the seaweed, then they help to control the growth of the seaweed.
Thus, if this choice is true, then it indicates that the coral benefits from presence of the crabs by not having having seaweed with unfettered (unrestrained) growth inhibiting the coral's growth.
So, this choice supports the statement that "The provision of benefits ... extends in both directions," by showing that, not only do the crabs benefit from the presence of the coral, but also, the coral benefits from the presence of the crabs.
So, this choice does just what we need.
Keep.
E. this species of coral secretes a substance that is nutritious to crabs and other crustaciansThis choice shows that there is another benefit involved in the relationship between coral and the crabs. The crabs benefit from the secretion of a substance by coral.
At the same time, we don't need another way the crabs benefit. The correct answer must indicate that the benefits flow the other way, to the coral.
So, this choice doesn't do what we need.
Eliminate.
Correct answer: D