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11 Mar 2024, 09:11
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In an experiment, volunteers received twenty noninjurious electric shocks. For half the volunteers, all twenty shocks were strong, but for the other half, the shocks were weak, except for three random strong shocks. The volunteers were told in advance which group they were in. The researchers found that the volunteers who consistently received strong shocks showed much milder physical signs of anxiety than the other volunteers did.
Which of the following would, if true, most help to explain the results of the experiment?
A. Other studies have found that the inability to predict when an anticipated unpleasant experience will occur usually provokes anxiety.
B. Most people feel more anxiety when anticipating a strong electric shock than when anticipating a mild shock.
C. Many of the volunteers who consistently received strong shocks reported that the shocks made them feel quite anxious.
D. The volunteers who received mostly mild shocks showed stronger physical signs of anxiety after each strong shock than after each mild shock.
E. People who knowingly volunteer for an experiment in which they will receive electric shocks typically feel less anxiety about such shocks than most other people would.
GMAT-Club-Forum-bif2cugn.png [ 106.99 KiB | Viewed 2324 times ]
Which of the following would, if true, most help to explain the results of the experiment?
A. Other studies have found that the inability to predict when an anticipated unpleasant experience will occur usually provokes anxiety.
B. Most people feel more anxiety when anticipating a strong electric shock than when anticipating a mild shock.
C. Many of the volunteers who consistently received strong shocks reported that the shocks made them feel quite anxious.
D. The volunteers who received mostly mild shocks showed stronger physical signs of anxiety after each strong shock than after each mild shock.
E. People who knowingly volunteer for an experiment in which they will receive electric shocks typically feel less anxiety about such shocks than most other people would.
Attachment:
GMAT-Club-Forum-bif2cugn.png [ 106.99 KiB | Viewed 2324 times ]
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11 Mar 2024, 12:26
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A. Other studies have found that the inability to predict when an anticipated unpleasant experience will occur usually provokes anxiety.
This explains the findings perfectly. If one group is constantly receiving the unpleasant expereice (the strong shock) then there is no anticpation of the worse experience given that it is a constant. However, the second group never knows when to expect the strong shock, thus raising each participants anxiety to a higher level than the group experiencing constantly the strong shock.
B. Most people feel more anxiety when anticipating a strong electric shock than when anticipating a mild shock.
If this were the case, then the group that only recieved strong shocks would have reported higher level anxiety and not the other group.
C. Many of the volunteers who consistently received strong shocks reported that the shocks made them feel quite anxious.
This choice only provides information about one of the groups, and offers nothing which could help explain the findings of the result.
D. The volunteers who received mostly mild shocks showed stronger physical signs of anxiety after each strong shock than after each mild shock.
This choice does nothing in explaining the results of the experiment, merely, it compares the levels of anxiety felt by one of the groups after the two types of shocks were administered.
E. People who knowingly volunteer for an experiment in which they will receive electric shocks typically feel less anxiety about such shocks than most other people would.
This statement compares the level of anxiety felt by volunteers in a shock-experiment with those who do not volunteer, which is irrelevant when it comes to explaining the results of the experiment.
ANSWER A
This explains the findings perfectly. If one group is constantly receiving the unpleasant expereice (the strong shock) then there is no anticpation of the worse experience given that it is a constant. However, the second group never knows when to expect the strong shock, thus raising each participants anxiety to a higher level than the group experiencing constantly the strong shock.
B. Most people feel more anxiety when anticipating a strong electric shock than when anticipating a mild shock.
If this were the case, then the group that only recieved strong shocks would have reported higher level anxiety and not the other group.
C. Many of the volunteers who consistently received strong shocks reported that the shocks made them feel quite anxious.
This choice only provides information about one of the groups, and offers nothing which could help explain the findings of the result.
D. The volunteers who received mostly mild shocks showed stronger physical signs of anxiety after each strong shock than after each mild shock.
This choice does nothing in explaining the results of the experiment, merely, it compares the levels of anxiety felt by one of the groups after the two types of shocks were administered.
E. People who knowingly volunteer for an experiment in which they will receive electric shocks typically feel less anxiety about such shocks than most other people would.
This statement compares the level of anxiety felt by volunteers in a shock-experiment with those who do not volunteer, which is irrelevant when it comes to explaining the results of the experiment.
ANSWER A
20 Mar 2024, 04:06
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Summary: Grp 1 : 20 strong shocks with prior knowledge - less anxeity
Grp 2: 17 weak shocks (3 strong at random timings), but had knowledge that 17 weak 3 strong shocks will be provided - more anxious
we need explaination why Grp 2 was more anxious
prethinking: It's possible that people were anxious about when the 3 stronger shocks will be received but the other group knew they would receive strong shocks anyways
We will scrape the options fast for clues that match our prethinking , something that explains the difference between the two group's anxiousness
A. Other studies have found that the inability to predict when an anticipated unpleasant experience will occur usually provokes anxiety.
gives a reason why the 2nd group could be more anxious , fits our prethinking ( correct but we will just scrape the other ones fast )
B. Most people feel more anxiety when anticipating a strong electric shock than when anticipating a mild shock.
reasons that grp 1 should be more anxious
C. Many of the volunteers who consistently received strong shocks reported that the shocks made them feel quite anxious.
reasons that grp 1 should be more anxious
D. The volunteers who received mostly mild shocks showed stronger physical signs of anxiety after each strong shock than after each mild shock.
doesn't explain the discrepancy of level of anxiety between the groups
E. People who knowingly volunteer for an experiment in which they will receive electric shocks typically feel less anxiety about such shocks than most other people would.
doesn't explain the discrepancy of level of anxiety between the groups
Grp 2: 17 weak shocks (3 strong at random timings), but had knowledge that 17 weak 3 strong shocks will be provided - more anxious
we need explaination why Grp 2 was more anxious
prethinking: It's possible that people were anxious about when the 3 stronger shocks will be received but the other group knew they would receive strong shocks anyways
We will scrape the options fast for clues that match our prethinking , something that explains the difference between the two group's anxiousness
A. Other studies have found that the inability to predict when an anticipated unpleasant experience will occur usually provokes anxiety.
gives a reason why the 2nd group could be more anxious , fits our prethinking ( correct but we will just scrape the other ones fast )
B. Most people feel more anxiety when anticipating a strong electric shock than when anticipating a mild shock.
reasons that grp 1 should be more anxious
C. Many of the volunteers who consistently received strong shocks reported that the shocks made them feel quite anxious.
reasons that grp 1 should be more anxious
D. The volunteers who received mostly mild shocks showed stronger physical signs of anxiety after each strong shock than after each mild shock.
doesn't explain the discrepancy of level of anxiety between the groups
E. People who knowingly volunteer for an experiment in which they will receive electric shocks typically feel less anxiety about such shocks than most other people would.
doesn't explain the discrepancy of level of anxiety between the groups
