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27 Aug 2024, 20:54
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A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
55%
(hard)
Question Stats:
67% (01:52) correct
33%
(02:20)
wrong
based on 291
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Wirth: All efforts to identify a gene responsible for predisposing people to manic-depression have failed. In fact, nearly all researchers now agree that there is no “manic-depression gene.” Therefore, if these researchers are right, any claim that some people are genetically predisposed to manic-depression is simply false. Chang: I do not dispute your evidence, but I take issue with your conclusion. Many of the researchers you refer to have found evidence that a set of several genes is involved and that complex interactions among these genes produce a predisposition to manic-depression.
Which one of the following most accurately expresses Chang’s criticism of Wirth’s argument?
(A) It presupposes only one possibility where more than one exists.
(B) It depends on separate pieces of evidence that contradict each other.
(C) It relies on the opinion of experts in an area outside the experts’ field of expertise.
(D) It disallows in principle any evidence that would disconfirm its conclusion.
(E) It treats something that is merely unlikely as though it were impossible.
Which one of the following most accurately expresses Chang’s criticism of Wirth’s argument?
(A) It presupposes only one possibility where more than one exists.
(B) It depends on separate pieces of evidence that contradict each other.
(C) It relies on the opinion of experts in an area outside the experts’ field of expertise.
(D) It disallows in principle any evidence that would disconfirm its conclusion.
(E) It treats something that is merely unlikely as though it were impossible.
06 Sep 2024, 09:59
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I got this incorrect the first time but during review I understood what's going on.
Wirth's argument says that efforts to find a single "manic-depression gene" have failed, and most researchers agree there is no single gene responsible. Therefore, claims that people are genetically predisposed to manic-depression are false.
To this, Chang responds by agreeing with the evidence but disputes only the conclusion. He argues that researchers have found evidence that multiple genes may be involved, and their interactions could predispose people to manic-depression.
Thus we can say Wirth concludes that, because no single gene has been identified, genetic predisposition to manic-depression must be false. Chang criticizes this by pointing out that genetic predisposition could involve multiple genes, not just one.
A. It presupposes only one possibility where more than one exists.
This fits Chang's criticism perfectly. Wirth assumes that genetic predisposition to manic-depression must involve a single gene. Chang points out that another possibility (multiple interacting genes) exists, which Wirth's argument overlooks. This accurately captures Chang's criticism.
B. It depends on separate pieces of evidence that contradict each other.
There is no indication in the argument that Wirth is relying on contradictory evidence. Wirth's argument is based on the consensus that there is no single gene responsible for manic-depression. This does not fit Chang's criticism.
C. It relies on the opinion of experts in an area outside the experts’ field of expertise.
There is no suggestion in the argument that the experts Wirth refers to are outside their area of expertise. The experts in the argument are researchers in genetics. In fact, Chang's argument refers to the same set of experts that Wirth refers to. This is not relevant to the argument.
D. It disallows in principle any evidence that would disconfirm its conclusion.
Wirth does not explicitly disallow any evidence; instead, he draws a conclusion based on current research findings. Chang is criticizing Wirth for overlooking a different possibility (multiple genes), not for disallowing evidence.This does not accurately capture Chang's criticism.
E. It treats something that is merely unlikely as though it were impossible.
Wirth is not claiming that something unlikely is impossible. He is concluding that genetic predisposition to manic-depression is false because no single gene has been found. Chang's criticism is not about probability but about the possibility of multiple genes being involved.This does not address Chang's point.
The correct answer is A because Chang's criticism focuses on Wirth's presupposition of a single gene, while Chang suggests there are multiple genes involved, thus highlighting that Wirth considered only one possibility when more than one exists.
I'm still not sure what the probability of these type of questions appearing in the GMAT exam is like, if someone can weigh in on this it'd be helpful because I'm not focusing a lot on these types of LSAT questions for GMAT.
Wirth's argument says that efforts to find a single "manic-depression gene" have failed, and most researchers agree there is no single gene responsible. Therefore, claims that people are genetically predisposed to manic-depression are false.
To this, Chang responds by agreeing with the evidence but disputes only the conclusion. He argues that researchers have found evidence that multiple genes may be involved, and their interactions could predispose people to manic-depression.
Thus we can say Wirth concludes that, because no single gene has been identified, genetic predisposition to manic-depression must be false. Chang criticizes this by pointing out that genetic predisposition could involve multiple genes, not just one.
A. It presupposes only one possibility where more than one exists.
This fits Chang's criticism perfectly. Wirth assumes that genetic predisposition to manic-depression must involve a single gene. Chang points out that another possibility (multiple interacting genes) exists, which Wirth's argument overlooks. This accurately captures Chang's criticism.
B. It depends on separate pieces of evidence that contradict each other.
There is no indication in the argument that Wirth is relying on contradictory evidence. Wirth's argument is based on the consensus that there is no single gene responsible for manic-depression. This does not fit Chang's criticism.
C. It relies on the opinion of experts in an area outside the experts’ field of expertise.
There is no suggestion in the argument that the experts Wirth refers to are outside their area of expertise. The experts in the argument are researchers in genetics. In fact, Chang's argument refers to the same set of experts that Wirth refers to. This is not relevant to the argument.
D. It disallows in principle any evidence that would disconfirm its conclusion.
Wirth does not explicitly disallow any evidence; instead, he draws a conclusion based on current research findings. Chang is criticizing Wirth for overlooking a different possibility (multiple genes), not for disallowing evidence.This does not accurately capture Chang's criticism.
E. It treats something that is merely unlikely as though it were impossible.
Wirth is not claiming that something unlikely is impossible. He is concluding that genetic predisposition to manic-depression is false because no single gene has been found. Chang's criticism is not about probability but about the possibility of multiple genes being involved.This does not address Chang's point.
The correct answer is A because Chang's criticism focuses on Wirth's presupposition of a single gene, while Chang suggests there are multiple genes involved, thus highlighting that Wirth considered only one possibility when more than one exists.
I'm still not sure what the probability of these type of questions appearing in the GMAT exam is like, if someone can weigh in on this it'd be helpful because I'm not focusing a lot on these types of LSAT questions for GMAT.
bhaskar1999
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06 Oct 2025, 06:37
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Wirth assumes that if no single gene causes the disorder, then no genetic cause exists at all.
Chang points out another possible explanation — a combination of genes could be responsible.
So, Wirth’s flaw is presupposing only one possibility (a single gene) when more than one (multiple genes) could exist.
Correct Answer: (A) It presupposes only one possibility where more than one exists.
Chang points out another possible explanation — a combination of genes could be responsible.
So, Wirth’s flaw is presupposing only one possibility (a single gene) when more than one (multiple genes) could exist.
Correct Answer: (A) It presupposes only one possibility where more than one exists.
