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Tom: The unemployment rate has dropped below 5 percent, and that is good news for America. A lower unemployment rate is better for almost everyone.

Shelly: Actually, a low unemployment rate is good for most workers but not for everyone. Workers are certainly happy to have jobs, but many businesses are negatively affected by a low unemployment rate because they have fewer applicants for jobs, and to expand their workforce, they have to hire workers they would not usually hire. The wealthiest Americans also privately complain about the inability to get good gardeners, housecleaners, and nannies when most Americans are already employed. So a low unemployment rate is not, in fact, good for America.

Shelly’s conclusion that “a low unemployment rate is not, in fact, good for America” relies on the assumption that

(A) What is bad for businesses owners and the wealthy is bad for America.

(B) Fluctuations in the unemployment rate affect the number of applicants for job openings.

(C) Wealthy Americans rarely employ other Americans as housecleaners or nannies.

(D) Business owners always want what is best for their workers even when it negatively impacts the bottom line.

(E) Low unemployment hurts some workers because they would prefer to stay at home and collect unemployment checks.



OFFICIAL EXPLANATION



A.

This critical-reasoning question asks you to identify an assumption that Shelly relied on in making her conclusion that a low unemployment rate isn’t “good for America.”

When you’re asked to find an assumption, look for a statement that supports the conclusion but isn’t actually stated in the argument.

Eliminate choices that don’t support the conclusion. Whether businesses favor workers over the bottom line may affect the unemployment rate, but it doesn’t show how low unemployment isn’t good for America, so Choice (D) is incorrect. Choice (E) doesn’t support the conclusion, either. The conclusion is about what’s good for America in general, not a select few disinclined workers.

A person’s assumption wouldn’t contradict a stated premise, so Choice (C) can’t be right. Choice (B) may support the conclusion, but it’s actually stated in the given premises and, therefore, can’t be an unstated assumption. Choice (A) is the correct answer because it links Shelly’s premises about businesses and wealthy Americans to her conclusion about America in general.­
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