Bunuel
Not all multicellular aquatic life depends on dissolved oxygen. A complex parasite that does not require oxygen to produce energy has been found in a region of the Mediterranean Sea that has virtually no dissolved oxygen due to its salinity, and three species of anaerobic loricifera have been found in the anoxic L’Atalante Basin, deriving their energy from the basin’s hydrogen-rich water by using hydrogenosomes.
The statements above, if true, best support which of the following as a conclusion?
A. The location in the Mediterranean Sea where the complex parasite was found was not one with hydrogen-rich waters that the parasite could derive energy from by using hydrogenosomes.
B. A thorough analysis of a water body’s dissolved oxygen levels is insufficient to establish beyond a doubt that the water body contains no complex life.
C. Anaerobic loricifera are able to exist in any hydrogen-rich environment.
D. Complex life probably exists on the gas giant planets, which have atmospheres that primarily consist of hydrogen and similar elements.
E. Finding the remains of complex loricifera in the bedrock would establish that the loricifera had been feeding on substances that had not been produced through the use of dissolved oxygen.
Experts' Global Explanation:Mind-map: Not all multicellular aquatic life depend on dissolved oxygen à two complex aquatic organisms were found in waters that have no dissolved oxygen
Missing-link: Not needed
Expectation from the correct answer choice: To be duly deducible from the information in the passage, without any assumption or extrapolation
A. The argument mentions two complex aquatic organisms that were found in waters that have no dissolved oxygen – one is a complex parasite and the other are three species of anaerobic loricifera that use hydrogenosomes to derive energy; however, the argument
makes no suggestion regarding the parasite’s ability to use hydrogenosomes to derive energy; so, this answer choice cannot be established. Because this answer choice is not deducible from the information in the passage without any assumption or extrapolation, this answer choice is incorrect.
B.
Correct. The argument mentions that not all multicellular aquatic life depend on dissolved oxygen and supports the claim by mentioning two organisms that were found in waters that have no dissolved oxygen; so, it can be established that a
water body with no dissolved oxygen can have a complex life, or, in other words, a thorough analysis of a water body’s dissolved oxygen levels is insufficient to establish beyond a doubt that the water body contains no complex life, as the answer choice mentions. Because this answer choice is deducible from the information in the passage without any assumption or extrapolation, this answer choice is correct.
C. The argument mentions that three species of anaerobic loricifera exist in “hydrogen-rich water” but makes
no suggestion regarding whether anaerobic loricifera, in general, are able to exist in “any hydrogen-rich environment”; so, this answer choice cannot be established. Further, please note, a hint here is in the term “any”, which is
extremely strong; one needs to be cautious of such answer choices as they are generally incorrect on the GMAT. Because this answer choice is not deducible from the information in the passage without any assumption or extrapolation, this answer choice is incorrect.
D. This answer choice commits the
classic GMAT error of extrapolation – the idea of reaching a conclusion for one set on the basis of observations on another set; the argument is concerned with multicellular “aquatic” life and its dependence on “dissolved” oxygen but
provides no information about “life on gas giant planets”; so, this answer choice cannot be established. Because this answer choice is not deducible from the information in the passage without any assumption or extrapolation, this answer choice is incorrect.
E. Trap. The argument mentions that three species of anaerobic loricifera do not require dissolved oxygen to survive, suggesting that the
remains of these loricifera may not show any evidence of having fed on substances produced through dissolved oxygen; however, it
cannot be established that the loricifera did not feed on such substances; in other words, it cannot be established that finding the remains of complex loricifera would establish that the loricifera had been feeding on substances that “had not been produced through the use of dissolved oxygen”, as the answer choice mentions. Because this answer choice is not deducible from the information in the passage without any assumption or extrapolation, this answer choice is incorrect.
B is the best choice.