The illiterate women of Timbawa village who earn their livelihood through small grocery shops they own used to think that it was just a fact of life that they lost a lot of money while selling on credit. When an NGO proposed to teach them through the use of codes how to make a ledger and maintain it, some of the women showed interest and started maintaining ledgers. Within a few months of maintaining ledgers, the households of women who had adopted the practice reported a significant decrease in domestic strife as compared to the ones whose women had not.
Which of the following about the households that adopted the ledger system, if true, strengthens the claim that the introduction of the ledger system led to a decrease in domestic strife?Women who adopted ledgers reported less domestic conflict. To strengthen the causal claim, the best choice should connect ledger keeping to the specific
household trigger for conflict, like end of day money shortfalls or confusion about where money went.
A. Kids now received pocket money since, now that their parents were less angry and frustrated and more well off, they had become more generous.
This is an effect that could come after strife decreased. It does not explain why the ledger caused the decrease.
B. When any women shopkeeper sold on credit and recorded the customer signatures, there were no more arguments with customers or lost income.
This helps, but it mainly shows fewer disputes with customers. It does not directly connect to
domestic strife inside the household.
C. With the sales figures now on record, the incidences of forgetfulness on the part of women or cheating on behalf of clever customers drastically reduced.
This suggests fewer losses, but it still leaves the key link to household conflict indirect.
D. The circumstance of why they had so less at the end of the day that prompted spats in households was either avoided or at best explained.
This most directly ties ledger keeping to the actual cause of household fights: ending the day with too little money, or not being able to explain why. If that problem is prevented or clearly explained, the drop in domestic conflict follows naturally.
E. Kids could now afford to go to school and were more than pleased to help their parents in maintaining the ledger once back from school.
This introduces another major factor (kids helping, schooling) that could be driving the change, so it does not cleanly strengthen the ledger as the cause.
Answer: (D)