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A.
Introduces an alternative cause (resource competition), not support for luminosity as the trigger.

B.
Points to habitat/nesting factors, not nighttime luminosity as a reproduction trigger. No causal support.
C.
Pre-expansion lowest luminosity = 0.00014 lux → nights became extremely dark.
Post-expansion, the lowest luminosity = 0.25 lux → nights no longer reach those dark levels.
If reproduction depends on a sharp dark-night threshold/trigger, suburban expansion removed that condition. This directly supports the theory that nighttime luminosity is part of what triggers reproduction.
Correct

D. Remote areas with an average luminosity of 0.85 lux still allow reproduction.
Unclear comparison. If birds reproduce there, we still do not know whether 0.5 lux near suburbs would also permit reproduction. Does not isolate luminosity as the cause.
E.
Geographic/endemism fact with no connection to light levels or reproduction triggers.

Ans C
ExpertsGlobal5
Twenty years after the suburbs of Edisonville in the British Isles expanded to the edge of the Pine March Forest, none of the seven species of birds native to the Pine March Forest was still reproducing in the area closest to the suburbs. The expansion of the suburbs led to a rise in pollution that reduced the average range of nighttime luminescence from 0.998 lux (the standard unit of luminosity) to 0.5 lux. Therefore, ornithologists have theorized that the sharply increasing luminosity of the night sky must be part of what triggers the beginning of the native birds’ reproduction cycle.

Which of the following statements, if true, would most strengthen the ornithologists’ theory?

A. Nonnative bird species, introduced into the Pine March Forest after the suburbs were expanded, have begun competing for resources with the declining native bird species.
B. Before the suburbs were expanded, the Pine March Forest had many species of coniferous fir trees, the ideal nesting locations for the native bird species.
C. The lowest recorded nighttime luminosity in the Pine March Forest before the suburbs were expanded was 0.00014 lux, whereas the lowest recorded nighttime luminosity in the Pine March Forest after the suburbs were expanded has been 0.25 lux.
D. The native bird species could still reproduce in remote areas of the Pine March Forest where the average range of nighttime luminescence remains approximately 0.85 lux.
E. Six of the bird species native to the Pine March Forest are not native to any other forest in the British Isles.


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