Doris: I've noticed that everyone involved in student government is outspoken. So, if we want students to be more outspoken, we should encourage them to become involved in student government.
Zack: Those who are in student government became involved precisely because they are outspoken in the first place. Encouraging others to become involved will do nothing to make them more outspoken.
Doris and Zack disagree over whetherThis is a Method of Reasoning question, and the correct answer must accurately describe how Doris and Zack disagree.
Reviewing what they say, we can see that Doris believes that becoming involved in student government results in students' becoming more outspoken whereas Zack's view is that the cause and effect are the reverse of what Doris believes them to be. Zack believes that being outspoken causes students to become involved in student government.
(A) students should be more outspokenWhat Doris says could be taken as indicating that she believes that students should be more outspoken though she doesn't actually say that. She say only what "we" should do "IF we want students to be more outspoken."
What Zack says doesn't indicate that he has an opinion either way regarding whether students "should be" more outspoken.
Eliminate.
(B) students should be encouraged to become involved in student governmentWhile Doris may believe that students should be encouraged to become more involved in student government, Zack does not indicate that he disagrees with that.
Rather, Zack' disagreement with Doris is regarding the expected result of encouraging them to become more involved. His view is that they won't become more outspoken.
Eliminate.
(C) becoming involved in student government makes students more outspokenThis choice accurately describes what they disagree over.
Although Doris doesn't directly state that she believes that becoming involved in student government makes students more outspoken, what she says, "if we want students to be more outspoken, we should encourage them to become involved in student government," indicates that she believes that.
Zack says, "Encouraging other to become involved will do nothing to make them more outspoken," which implies that becoming involved in student government does not make students more outspoken.
So, we can see that they disagree over whether becoming involved in student government makes students more outspoken.
Keep.
(D) all students who are involved in student government are outspokenTheir point of disagreement is not over whether students involved in student government are outspoken. In fact, they both say that such students are outspoken.
Eliminate.
(E) students will not become more outspoken unless they become involved in student governmentNeither Doris nor Zack says anything that indicates that students need to become involved in student government to become more outspoken.
In other words, they disagree over whether students will become outspoken as a result of becoming involved, not over what will happen if students don't become involved.
Eliminate.
Correct answer: C