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29 May 2026, 07:39
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Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
85%
(hard)
Question Stats:
53% (02:34) correct
47%
(02:37)
wrong
based on 152
sessions
History
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Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Councillor Miller opposes all proposals to raise taxes. Councillor Philopoulos supports increased funding for schools, which in this area are funded entirely by property taxes. It follows that Miller will oppose and Philopoulos will support Councillor Callari's proposal to increase school funding by raising property taxes.
Which one of the following exhibits flawed reasoning most similar to the flawed reasoning exhibited by the argument above?
(A) Tara finds Ms. Burke's English class, which has paper assignments but no exams, easier than Mr. Kent's English class, which has exams but no paper assignments. It follows that Tara finds it easier to write a paper than to take an exam.
(B) Jane refuses to live downtown. Denise wants to rent a penthouse apartment. It follows that Jane will not rent one of the penthouse apartments in the Joliet Towers complex downtown but Denise will rent one of those apartments.
(C) Mayor Watson promised never to support an increase in public transportation fares in Johnsonville. It follows that Mayor Watson will oppose the new proposal to improve public transportation in Johnsonville by doubling public transportation fares.
(D) Ed dislikes any food that is extremely sweet, but Bill likes most extremely sweet food. It follows that Ed will dislike these extremely sweet brownies but Bill will probably like them.
(E) In the past, the citizens of Lake County have voted down every proposal to increase property taxes. It follows that citizens of Lake County will probably vote down the new proposed increase in property taxes.
Which one of the following exhibits flawed reasoning most similar to the flawed reasoning exhibited by the argument above?
(A) Tara finds Ms. Burke's English class, which has paper assignments but no exams, easier than Mr. Kent's English class, which has exams but no paper assignments. It follows that Tara finds it easier to write a paper than to take an exam.
(B) Jane refuses to live downtown. Denise wants to rent a penthouse apartment. It follows that Jane will not rent one of the penthouse apartments in the Joliet Towers complex downtown but Denise will rent one of those apartments.
(C) Mayor Watson promised never to support an increase in public transportation fares in Johnsonville. It follows that Mayor Watson will oppose the new proposal to improve public transportation in Johnsonville by doubling public transportation fares.
(D) Ed dislikes any food that is extremely sweet, but Bill likes most extremely sweet food. It follows that Ed will dislike these extremely sweet brownies but Bill will probably like them.
(E) In the past, the citizens of Lake County have voted down every proposal to increase property taxes. It follows that citizens of Lake County will probably vote down the new proposed increase in property taxes.
29 May 2026, 12:45
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Councillor Miller opposes all proposals to raise taxes. Councillor Philopoulos supports increased funding for schools, which in this area are funded entirely by property taxes. It follows that Miller will oppose and Philopoulos will support Councillor Callari's proposal to increase school funding by raising property taxes.
Which one of the following exhibits flawed reasoning most similar to the flawed reasoning exhibited by the argument above?
The argument makes one safe inference and one unsafe inference. Since Miller opposes all tax increases, it is reasonable to say Miller will oppose a proposal that raises property taxes. But Philopoulos supports increased school funding, and that does not prove he supports this particular way of increasing school funding. The flaw is assuming that support for a goal means support for a specific method of achieving that goal.
(A) Tara finds Ms. Burke's English class, which has paper assignments but no exams, easier than Mr. Kent's English class, which has exams but no paper assignments. It follows that Tara finds it easier to write a paper than to take an exam.
This is not parallel. It compares two classes and then isolates one difference between them, but the original argument is about moving from support for a goal to support for a specific proposal.
(B) Jane refuses to live downtown. Denise wants to rent a penthouse apartment. It follows that Jane will not rent one of the penthouse apartments in the Joliet Towers complex downtown but Denise will rent one of those apartments.
This is correct. Jane’s part is safe because she refuses to live downtown, and the apartments are downtown. Denise’s part is flawed because wanting a penthouse does not mean she will rent these particular penthouse apartments. That matches the original structure.
(C) Mayor Watson promised never to support an increase in public transportation fares in Johnsonville. It follows that Mayor Watson will oppose the new proposal to improve public transportation in Johnsonville by doubling public transportation fares.
This contains only the safe part of the original reasoning. Since the proposal raises fares, and Watson opposes fare increases, the conclusion is supported.
(D) Ed dislikes any food that is extremely sweet, but Bill likes most extremely sweet food. It follows that Ed will dislike these extremely sweet brownies but Bill will probably like them.
This is not parallel. The conclusion about Bill is only probable and is based on “most,” so it does not make the same mistaken jump from a general goal to a specific method.
(E) In the past, the citizens of Lake County have voted down every proposal to increase property taxes. It follows that citizens of Lake County will probably vote down the new proposed increase in property taxes.
This is not parallel. It uses past voting behavior to predict future voting behavior, not support for a goal to infer support for a specific proposal.
Answer: (B)
Which one of the following exhibits flawed reasoning most similar to the flawed reasoning exhibited by the argument above?
The argument makes one safe inference and one unsafe inference. Since Miller opposes all tax increases, it is reasonable to say Miller will oppose a proposal that raises property taxes. But Philopoulos supports increased school funding, and that does not prove he supports this particular way of increasing school funding. The flaw is assuming that support for a goal means support for a specific method of achieving that goal.
(A) Tara finds Ms. Burke's English class, which has paper assignments but no exams, easier than Mr. Kent's English class, which has exams but no paper assignments. It follows that Tara finds it easier to write a paper than to take an exam.
This is not parallel. It compares two classes and then isolates one difference between them, but the original argument is about moving from support for a goal to support for a specific proposal.
(B) Jane refuses to live downtown. Denise wants to rent a penthouse apartment. It follows that Jane will not rent one of the penthouse apartments in the Joliet Towers complex downtown but Denise will rent one of those apartments.
This is correct. Jane’s part is safe because she refuses to live downtown, and the apartments are downtown. Denise’s part is flawed because wanting a penthouse does not mean she will rent these particular penthouse apartments. That matches the original structure.
(C) Mayor Watson promised never to support an increase in public transportation fares in Johnsonville. It follows that Mayor Watson will oppose the new proposal to improve public transportation in Johnsonville by doubling public transportation fares.
This contains only the safe part of the original reasoning. Since the proposal raises fares, and Watson opposes fare increases, the conclusion is supported.
(D) Ed dislikes any food that is extremely sweet, but Bill likes most extremely sweet food. It follows that Ed will dislike these extremely sweet brownies but Bill will probably like them.
This is not parallel. The conclusion about Bill is only probable and is based on “most,” so it does not make the same mistaken jump from a general goal to a specific method.
(E) In the past, the citizens of Lake County have voted down every proposal to increase property taxes. It follows that citizens of Lake County will probably vote down the new proposed increase in property taxes.
This is not parallel. It uses past voting behavior to predict future voting behavior, not support for a goal to infer support for a specific proposal.
Answer: (B)
20 Aug 2026, 07:36
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OE for reference:
Overview:
The question asks you to identify an argument that exhibits flawed reasoning that is most similar to the flawed reasoning in the passage. The argument in the passage is based on general claims about two people: Miller is said to oppose all proposals to raise taxes and Philopoulos is said to generally support increased funding for schools. The argument describes a proposal by Callari to increase school funding by raising taxes and concludes that Miller will oppose the proposal and Philopoulos will support it.
The first part of the conclusion, that Miller will oppose the proposal, is reasonably well supported since Miller opposes all proposals to raise taxes, and the specific proposal would raise taxes. However, the second part of the conclusion, that Philopoulos will support the proposal, is not well supported. While we know Philopoulos generally supports increased funding for schools, there is no reason to think that Philopoulos supports Callari's proposal in particular.
The Correct Answer:
B (B) has the features described in the "Overview." The conclusion of the argument in (B) has two parts: that Jane will not rent one of the penthouse apartments in Joliet Towers and that Denise will rent one. The first part is reasonably well supported since (B) says that Jane will not live downtown and that the Joliet Towers are downtown. The other claim is not well supported: Denise wants to rent a penthouse apartment, but she may not want one in the Joliet Towers. While Denise has the general goal of renting a penthouse apartment, it would be unreasonable to think that she will achieve that goal by renting in one particular building complex.
The Incorrect Answer Choices:
A (A) is not very similar to the argument in the passage. While the passage's argument uses two general claims to support the two parts of its conclusion, (A) does not infer any part of its conclusion from general claims. Instead, (A)'s conclusion is based on information about two specific classes.
C (C) supports its conclusion that a particular person will not take a certain action by claiming that that person promised never to take an action of that general type. The argument in the passage concerns two separate actions and it never appeals to any promises that anyone made.
D While the conclusion in (D), like the conclusion in the passage, has two claims, both of the claims in (D)'s conclusion are well supported. The claim that Ed will dislike the extremely sweet brownies is well supported since Ed dislikes all extremely sweet food and the claim that Bill will probably like them is well supported since Bill likes most extremely sweet food.
E The argument in (E) draws a conclusion about what people will do in the future based on information about what people have done in the past. The argument in the passage is not based on any claims about what people have done in the past. Rather, it is based on general statements about what two people support.
Overview:
The question asks you to identify an argument that exhibits flawed reasoning that is most similar to the flawed reasoning in the passage. The argument in the passage is based on general claims about two people: Miller is said to oppose all proposals to raise taxes and Philopoulos is said to generally support increased funding for schools. The argument describes a proposal by Callari to increase school funding by raising taxes and concludes that Miller will oppose the proposal and Philopoulos will support it.
The first part of the conclusion, that Miller will oppose the proposal, is reasonably well supported since Miller opposes all proposals to raise taxes, and the specific proposal would raise taxes. However, the second part of the conclusion, that Philopoulos will support the proposal, is not well supported. While we know Philopoulos generally supports increased funding for schools, there is no reason to think that Philopoulos supports Callari's proposal in particular.
The Correct Answer:
B (B) has the features described in the "Overview." The conclusion of the argument in (B) has two parts: that Jane will not rent one of the penthouse apartments in Joliet Towers and that Denise will rent one. The first part is reasonably well supported since (B) says that Jane will not live downtown and that the Joliet Towers are downtown. The other claim is not well supported: Denise wants to rent a penthouse apartment, but she may not want one in the Joliet Towers. While Denise has the general goal of renting a penthouse apartment, it would be unreasonable to think that she will achieve that goal by renting in one particular building complex.
The Incorrect Answer Choices:
A (A) is not very similar to the argument in the passage. While the passage's argument uses two general claims to support the two parts of its conclusion, (A) does not infer any part of its conclusion from general claims. Instead, (A)'s conclusion is based on information about two specific classes.
C (C) supports its conclusion that a particular person will not take a certain action by claiming that that person promised never to take an action of that general type. The argument in the passage concerns two separate actions and it never appeals to any promises that anyone made.
D While the conclusion in (D), like the conclusion in the passage, has two claims, both of the claims in (D)'s conclusion are well supported. The claim that Ed will dislike the extremely sweet brownies is well supported since Ed dislikes all extremely sweet food and the claim that Bill will probably like them is well supported since Bill likes most extremely sweet food.
E The argument in (E) draws a conclusion about what people will do in the future based on information about what people have done in the past. The argument in the passage is not based on any claims about what people have done in the past. Rather, it is based on general statements about what two people support.
