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18 Aug 2026, 06:31
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Difficulty:
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Question Stats:
51% (01:52) correct
49%
(01:52)
wrong
based on 125
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Scientist: An orbiting spacecraft detected a short-term spike in sulfur dioxide in Venus's atmosphere. Volcanoes are known to cause sulfur dioxide spikes in Earth's atmosphere, and Venus has hundreds of mountains that show signs of past volcanic activity. But we should not conclude that volcanic activity caused the spike on Venus. No active volcanoes have been identified on Venus, and planetary atmospheres are known to undergo some cyclical variations in chemical composition.
Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the scientist's argument?
(A) Conditions on Venus make it unlikely that any instrument targeting Venus would detect a volcanic eruption directly.
(B) Evidence suggests that there was a short-term spike in sulfur dioxide in Venus's atmosphere 30 years earlier.
(C) Levels of sulfur dioxide have been higher in Venus's atmosphere than in Earth's atmosphere over the long term.
(D) Traces of the sulfur dioxide from volcanic eruptions on Earth are detectable in the atmosphere years after the eruptions take place.
(E) Most instances of sulfur dioxide spikes in the Earth's atmosphere are caused by the burning of fossil fuels.
Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the scientist's argument?
(A) Conditions on Venus make it unlikely that any instrument targeting Venus would detect a volcanic eruption directly.
(B) Evidence suggests that there was a short-term spike in sulfur dioxide in Venus's atmosphere 30 years earlier.
(C) Levels of sulfur dioxide have been higher in Venus's atmosphere than in Earth's atmosphere over the long term.
(D) Traces of the sulfur dioxide from volcanic eruptions on Earth are detectable in the atmosphere years after the eruptions take place.
(E) Most instances of sulfur dioxide spikes in the Earth's atmosphere are caused by the burning of fossil fuels.
18 Aug 2026, 13:30
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Scientist: An orbiting spacecraft detected a short-term spike in sulfur dioxide in Venus's atmosphere. Volcanoes are known to cause sulfur dioxide spikes in Earth's atmosphere, and Venus has hundreds of mountains that show signs of past volcanic activity. But we should not conclude that volcanic activity caused the spike on Venus. No active volcanoes have been identified on Venus, and planetary atmospheres are known to undergo some cyclical variations in chemical composition.
Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the scientist's argument?
The scientist argues that we should not attribute the sulfur dioxide spike to volcanic activity, partly because no active volcanoes have been identified on Venus. The best weakener shows that the failure to identify active volcanoes is not good evidence that none are active.
(A) Conditions on Venus make it unlikely that any instrument targeting Venus would detect a volcanic eruption directly.
Correct. If volcanic eruptions on Venus are very difficult to detect directly, then the fact that no active volcanoes have been identified provides little reason to reject volcanic activity as the cause of the sulfur dioxide spike.
(B) Evidence suggests that there was a short-term spike in sulfur dioxide in Venus's atmosphere 30 years earlier.
Incorrect. Another spike could be consistent with cyclical changes in atmospheric composition, so this does not weaken the scientist's argument.
(C) Levels of sulfur dioxide have been higher in Venus's atmosphere than in Earth's atmosphere over the long term.
Incorrect. The overall sulfur dioxide level does not tell us what caused this particular short-term spike.
(D) Traces of the sulfur dioxide from volcanic eruptions on Earth are detectable in the atmosphere years after the eruptions take place.
Incorrect. This concerns how long volcanic sulfur dioxide remains detectable, not whether volcanic activity caused the spike on Venus.
(E) Most instances of sulfur dioxide spikes in the Earth's atmosphere are caused by the burning of fossil fuels.
Incorrect. This weakens the comparison between sulfur dioxide spikes and volcanoes on Earth rather than supporting a volcanic explanation for Venus.
Answer: (A)
Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the scientist's argument?
The scientist argues that we should not attribute the sulfur dioxide spike to volcanic activity, partly because no active volcanoes have been identified on Venus. The best weakener shows that the failure to identify active volcanoes is not good evidence that none are active.
(A) Conditions on Venus make it unlikely that any instrument targeting Venus would detect a volcanic eruption directly.
Correct. If volcanic eruptions on Venus are very difficult to detect directly, then the fact that no active volcanoes have been identified provides little reason to reject volcanic activity as the cause of the sulfur dioxide spike.
(B) Evidence suggests that there was a short-term spike in sulfur dioxide in Venus's atmosphere 30 years earlier.
Incorrect. Another spike could be consistent with cyclical changes in atmospheric composition, so this does not weaken the scientist's argument.
(C) Levels of sulfur dioxide have been higher in Venus's atmosphere than in Earth's atmosphere over the long term.
Incorrect. The overall sulfur dioxide level does not tell us what caused this particular short-term spike.
(D) Traces of the sulfur dioxide from volcanic eruptions on Earth are detectable in the atmosphere years after the eruptions take place.
Incorrect. This concerns how long volcanic sulfur dioxide remains detectable, not whether volcanic activity caused the spike on Venus.
(E) Most instances of sulfur dioxide spikes in the Earth's atmosphere are caused by the burning of fossil fuels.
Incorrect. This weakens the comparison between sulfur dioxide spikes and volcanoes on Earth rather than supporting a volcanic explanation for Venus.
Answer: (A)
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