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22 Aug 2026, 06:47
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58% (01:38) correct
42%
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wrong
based on 115
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European wood ants incorporate large quantities of solidified conifer resin into their nests. Conifer resin is a natural disinfectant that has been shown to kill strains of bacteria that can cause disease in wood ants. Thus, the wood ants' use of conifer resin probably came about as a disease-protection measure.
Which one of the following would be most useful to know in order to evaluate the strength of the argument?
(A) whether conifer resin retains its disinfectant properties over very long periods of time
(B) whether the nests of European wood ants generally contain more conifer resin at some times of the year than at others
(C) whether any ant species other than European wood ants use conifer resin in their nests
(D) whether the use of conifer resin affords structural benefits to European wood ants' nests
(E) whether the disinfectant properties of conifer resin evolved as a disease-protection measure for conifer trees
Which one of the following would be most useful to know in order to evaluate the strength of the argument?
(A) whether conifer resin retains its disinfectant properties over very long periods of time
(B) whether the nests of European wood ants generally contain more conifer resin at some times of the year than at others
(C) whether any ant species other than European wood ants use conifer resin in their nests
(D) whether the use of conifer resin affords structural benefits to European wood ants' nests
(E) whether the disinfectant properties of conifer resin evolved as a disease-protection measure for conifer trees
22 Aug 2026, 15:45
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European wood ants incorporate large quantities of solidified conifer resin into their nests. Conifer resin is a natural disinfectant that has been shown to kill strains of bacteria that can cause disease in wood ants. Thus, the wood ants' use of conifer resin probably came about as a disease-protection measure.
Which one of the following would be most useful to know in order to evaluate the strength of the argument?
The argument assumes that the ants use resin because of its disinfectant effect. So the most useful information would be whether there is another plausible reason for using resin.
(A) whether conifer resin retains its disinfectant properties over very long periods of time
Less useful. Even if the effect fades over time, the resin could still provide disease protection when first incorporated.
(B) whether the nests of European wood ants generally contain more conifer resin at some times of the year than at others
Less useful. Seasonal variation does not by itself tell us why the ants use the resin.
(C) whether any ant species other than European wood ants use conifer resin in their nests
Less useful. What other ant species do does not directly determine why European wood ants use it.
(D) whether the use of conifer resin affords structural benefits to European wood ants' nests
Correct. If resin provides important structural benefits, then the ants may use it for construction rather than for disease protection. If it provides no structural benefit, the disease-protection explanation becomes more plausible. So this information can either strengthen or weaken the argument.
(E) whether the disinfectant properties of conifer resin evolved as a disease-protection measure for conifer trees
Incorrect. The evolutionary reason the resin has disinfectant properties does not tell us why the ants use it.
Answer: (D)
Which one of the following would be most useful to know in order to evaluate the strength of the argument?
The argument assumes that the ants use resin because of its disinfectant effect. So the most useful information would be whether there is another plausible reason for using resin.
(A) whether conifer resin retains its disinfectant properties over very long periods of time
Less useful. Even if the effect fades over time, the resin could still provide disease protection when first incorporated.
(B) whether the nests of European wood ants generally contain more conifer resin at some times of the year than at others
Less useful. Seasonal variation does not by itself tell us why the ants use the resin.
(C) whether any ant species other than European wood ants use conifer resin in their nests
Less useful. What other ant species do does not directly determine why European wood ants use it.
(D) whether the use of conifer resin affords structural benefits to European wood ants' nests
Correct. If resin provides important structural benefits, then the ants may use it for construction rather than for disease protection. If it provides no structural benefit, the disease-protection explanation becomes more plausible. So this information can either strengthen or weaken the argument.
(E) whether the disinfectant properties of conifer resin evolved as a disease-protection measure for conifer trees
Incorrect. The evolutionary reason the resin has disinfectant properties does not tell us why the ants use it.
Answer: (D)
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