The prevailing view among historians is that medieval European peasants were deeply dedicated to religion. But the record keepers in medieval Europe were members of the clergy. It should not surprise us that chroniclers who were professionally occupied with religion would exaggerate people's religious devotion. Thus, there is reason to doubt the prevailing view of medieval peasants' piety.
Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?The argument questions the evidence for peasants' religious devotion because the records were written by clergy, who supposedly had a reason to exaggerate people's piety.
The strongest weakener would show that
being members of the clergy did not generally lead these chroniclers to portray people as unusually religious.
(A) Among the written records produced by clergy in medieval Europe and currently available to historians are a number of documents detailing nonreligious, as well as religious, activities of peasants.
Incorrect. Recording nonreligious activities does not show that the clergy did not exaggerate the peasants' religious devotion.
(B) Many members of the clergy in medieval Europe spent more time among peasants than among people of any other social class.
Incorrect. This could make the clergy well informed about peasants, but they could still have exaggerated their religious devotion when recording it.
(C) Written records produced by clergy in medieval Europe very rarely portray merchants or nobles as being dedicated to religion.
Correct. If the clergy's professional involvement with religion naturally caused them to exaggerate people's religious devotion, we would expect them to portray other groups as highly religious as well. Their failure to do so weakens the claim that their portrayal of peasants resulted simply from a pro-religious bias.
(D) Historians cannot develop a reliable account of the religious attitudes held during any given historical period unless they have consulted all of the relevant surviving records from that period.
Incorrect. This concerns how historians should conduct research, not whether the clergy exaggerated peasants' religious devotion.
(E) Documents produced by clergy in medieval Europe contain detailed descriptions of participation by peasants and others in religious activities.
Incorrect. Detailed descriptions of religious activity are compatible with the argument's concern that clergy may have exaggerated the importance or extent of such activity.
Answer: (C)