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25 Dec 2017, 01:38
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B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
75%
(hard)
Question Stats:
53% (01:55) correct
47%
(01:13)
wrong
based on 280
sessions
History
Date
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Not Attempted Yet
If the probability of seeing an exponent question on a particular standardized test is 5% for each question, what is the probability of seeing an exponent question in the first two questions?
A. 0.5
B. 0.0975
C. 0.0475
D. 0.025
E. 0.0125
A. 0.5
B. 0.0975
C. 0.0475
D. 0.025
E. 0.0125
05 Sep 2021, 06:53
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Bunuel
P(seeing an exponent question in the first two questions) = 1 - P(NOT seeing an exponent question in the first two questions)
P(NOT seeing an exponent question in the first two questions)
P(NOT seeing an exponent question in the first two questions) = P(1st Q is NOT an exponent question AND 2nd Q is NOT an exponent question)
= P(1st Q is NOT an exponent question) x P(2nd Q is NOT an exponent question)
= 0.95 x 0.95
= 0.9025
So, P(seeing an exponent question in the first two questions) = 1 - 0.9025
= 0.0975
Answer: B
General Discussion
25 Dec 2017, 02:35
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Bunuel
We'll try going for a direct calculation as the numbers look very simple.
This is a Precise approach.
Instead of calculating directly, we'll try calculating the probability of not seeing an exponent.
Not seeing an exponent has a probability of 1 - 0.05 = 0.95
So if we don't see an exponent twice our probability is 0.95*0.95 and our desired probability is 1 - 0.95*0.95
This isn't a very friendly calculation and we can solve it in two ways:
Using the identity (a-b)^2: 1 - 0.95*0.95 = 1 - (1-0.05)^2 = 1 - (1 - 0.1 +0.0025) = 1 - 0.9025 = 0.0975
Estimating: multiplying by 0.95 is like multiplying by 95% or taking off 5%. 5% of 95 is about 5 so 95% of 95 is about 90.
so 0.95*0.95 is about 0.9 and our answer is about 1 - 0.9 = 0.1. Only (B) fits.
(B) is our answer.
A different, less calculation intensive approach to solution is Logical:
The probability for seeing an exponent in the first question is 5%.
Therefore the probability for seeing it in the first or the second question must be greater than 5%.
Only (A) 50% and (B) 9.75% are larger than 5%.
(A) is way too large so our answer must be (B).
