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Bunuel
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A speed-up suggestion:

The answer choices are fairly spread apart, thus, we can round the numbers and then select the closest answer. This will work as long as we find one that is clearly closer to just one of the answers.

That said, as shown above x = (17.5 * 28.75) / 40.25) ~ (18 * 29) / 40 = (9 * 29) / (20) = 261 / 20 = 13.05

The closest answer is clearly B.
Hence, answer: B
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We can find out percentage change for the second part i.e. length of shadow.

Since answers are not similar, we can assume percentage change of 40->28 => 12/40 => 3/10

Same would be the reduction for height -> 17*3/10 -> 1.7*3 -> 5.something -> 17-5 = 12
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