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This problem has an excellent shortcut that uses divisibility rules to quickly find the right answer.

The question tells you that 4/9 of the people at the camp are boys. Thus, the number of people at the camp must be a multiple of 9 / divisible by 9, or else the number of boys wouldn't be an integer.

The answer choices give you the number of campers, but there are also 20 adults. So let's add 20 to each of the answer choices and see which is divisible by 9. The rule for divisibility by 9 tells you that the digits must add up to a multiple of 9 for the original number to be divisible by 9:

(A) 174+20 = 194 --> add the digits 1+9+4 = 14. Not divisible by 9
(B) 203+20 = 223 --> add the digits 2+2+3 = 7. Not divisible by 9
(C) 232+20 = 252 --> add the digits 2+5+2 = 9. Divisible by 9
(D) 252+20 = 272 --> add the digits 2+7+2 = 11. Not divisible by 9
(E) 290+20 = 310 --> add the digits 3+1+0 = 4. Not divisible by 9

Only choice C works and must be correct.

If you were uncertain, you could confirm your answer:

\(\frac{4}{9}(252) = 112\) boys

Then subtract the boys and the adults from the total:

252 - 112 - 20 = 120 girls

120 is 8*15, and 112 is 8*14, so the 15 girls:14 boys ratio is maintained.

Edskore gave a good straightforward solving method above, but if you can see it (or if you were thrown by the setup), this is an efficient shortcut / alternative strategy.

In problems where quantities must be integers (like numbers of people or discrete objects), you can often use divisibility rules to quickly eliminate answer choices and zero in on the correct answer.
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Could someone please help me understand something in this problem.

Why is 14k = 4 in 14k/(29k + 20) = 4/9? The 14k are just the boy campers whereas the 4 in 4/9 are all the boys including any males in the 20 adults, so why would one equate to the other?

Sorry if I'm missing something obvious
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Hi adyanihusain,

This is a sharp question, and it comes down to one word in the problem: "boys."

You're reading "boys" as if it could include adult males on the staff. But look at how the problem labels the two groups:

- The campers are described as boys and girls.
- The staff are described as 20 adults - never as boys.

So in this problem's language, an adult is an adult, and a "boy" is always a boy camper. There's no such thing as an adult "boy" here. That's the whole reason Edskore and TheAdmissionHub could write 14k on top of the fraction.

Walk through the fraction with that in mind:

- Total people = campers + staff = 29k + 20.
- "4/9 of the people are boys" means: out of all 29k + 20 people, the fraction who are boys is 4/9.
- But every boy at the camp is a camper, so the number of boys = the boy campers = 14k.

That's why 14k / (29k + 20) = 4/9. The 14k (boy campers) genuinely is the total count of boys among all the people - the adults sit entirely in the non-boy part of the denominator.

A quick parallel to lock it in:

Suppose a room has 10 teachers plus some kids who are boys and girls, and you're told "1/3 of everyone in the room is a boy." The teachers aren't boys, so the boy-count is just the boy kids - even though the 1/3 is taken over everyone, teachers included. Same structure here.

So the numerator counts only boys, while the denominator counts all people - and that's exactly what the 4/9 describes.

Answer: C

adyanihusain
Could someone please help me understand something in this problem.

Why is 14k = 4 in 14k/(29k + 20) = 4/9? The 14k are just the boy campers whereas the 4 in 4/9 are all the boys including any males in the 20 adults, so why would one equate to the other?

Sorry if I'm missing something obvious
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Ah I see where I misunderstood the terminology. Cheers for clearing that up :)
egmat
Hi adyanihusain,

This is a sharp question, and it comes down to one word in the problem: "boys."

You're reading "boys" as if it could include adult males on the staff. But look at how the problem labels the two groups:

- The campers are described as boys and girls.
- The staff are described as 20 adults - never as boys.

So in this problem's language, an adult is an adult, and a "boy" is always a boy camper. There's no such thing as an adult "boy" here. That's the whole reason Edskore and TheAdmissionHub could write 14k on top of the fraction.

Walk through the fraction with that in mind:

- Total people = campers + staff = 29k + 20.
- "4/9 of the people are boys" means: out of all 29k + 20 people, the fraction who are boys is 4/9.
- But every boy at the camp is a camper, so the number of boys = the boy campers = 14k.

That's why 14k / (29k + 20) = 4/9. The 14k (boy campers) genuinely is the total count of boys among all the people - the adults sit entirely in the non-boy part of the denominator.

A quick parallel to lock it in:

Suppose a room has 10 teachers plus some kids who are boys and girls, and you're told "1/3 of everyone in the room is a boy." The teachers aren't boys, so the boy-count is just the boy kids - even though the 1/3 is taken over everyone, teachers included. Same structure here.

So the numerator counts only boys, while the denominator counts all people - and that's exactly what the 4/9 describes.

Answer: C


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