We want to determine whether or not there is sufficiency to say that \((m^2 + n)(2m + p)\) even or that \((m^2 + n)(2m + p)\) is not even.
Statement (1) says that n is an odd integer. Let's consider \(m^2 + n\). Since we don't know if m is odd or even, we don't know if \(m^2\) is odd or even. We don't know if n is odd or even. So we don't know if \(m^2 + n\) is odd or even. Let's consider \(2m + p\). We see that since m is an integer, \(2m\) must be even. However, we don't know if p is odd or even. So we don't know if \(2m + p\) is odd or even. Since we don't know if \(m^2 + n\) is odd or even and we don't know if \(2m + p\) is odd or even, we don't know if \((m^2 + n)(2m + p)\) is odd or even. Statement (1) is insufficient. We can eliminate choices (A) and (D).
Statement (2) says that p is an even integer. Let's look at \(m^2 + n\). We don't know if m is odd or even, so we don't know if \(m^2\) is odd or even. We don't know if n is odd or even. So we don't know if \(m^2 + n\) is odd or even. Now let's look at \(2m + p\). Since m is an integer, \(2m\) is an even integer. Since p is even, \(2m + p\) is the sum of an even integer and an even integer. An even plus an even is even, so \(2m + p\) is even. Since \((m^2 + n)\) is an integer, \((m^2 + n)(2m + p)\) is an integer times an even integer, which must be an even integer. The answer to the question is "no." Statement (2) is sufficient. Choice (B) is correct.