Consider the following equation:
2x + 3y = 30.
If x and y are nonnegative integers, the following solutions are possible:
x=15, y=0
x=12, y=2
x=9, y=4
x=6, y=6
x=3, y=8
x=0, y=10
Notice the following:
The value of x changes in increments of 3 (the coefficient for y).
The value of y changes in increments of 2 (the coefficient for x).
This pattern will be exhibited by any fully reduced equation that has two variables constrained to nonnegative integers.
Bunuel
A children’s theater sells tickets to a show. Tickets for children cost $10 and tickets for adults cost $35. If ticket revenues from the last performance were $390, and everyone at the performance had a ticket, how many people were at the performance?
(1) The number of children was more than 3 times the number of adults.
(2) The maximum capacity of the theater is 32 seats.
10c + 35a = 390
2c + 7a = 78
An easy solution:
c=39, a=0
Since the value of c can change only in increments of 7 and the value of a only in increments of 2, we get the following altternate solutions:
c=32, a=2
c=25, a=4
c=18, a=6
c=11, a=8
c=4, a=10
Statement 1 is satisfied by c=32, a=2 and c=25, a=4.
Since the value of c+a can be different values, INSUFFICIENT.
Statement 2 is satisfied by c=25, a=4 and c=18, a=6.
Since the value of c+a can be different values, INSUFFICIENT.
The two statements combined are satisfied only by c=25, a=4.
Thus, the total number of people = 25+4 = 29.
SUFFICIENT.