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Bunuel
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I agree with the logic here. S1 doesn't give us any information to solve this problem.

agrasan
The average monthly income of 14 younger workers is X, Together with 60 older workers, the average monthly income of the workers rose to Y. what is the average monthly income of the older workers?

Sum of all incomes of all 14 younger workers = 14X
Let's assume average monthly income of 60 older workers = Z
Sum of all incomes of all 60 older workers = 60Z

(1) The factory's monthly budget for all salaries is 300,000$, which is 10 times the salary budget for the younger workers.
Insufficient,
Monthly budget doesn't tell us the actual amount of salaries paid. A budget can be $100 for a worker but salary paid can be $50 ultimately.

(2) The monthly income of all the workers is 10 times the younger workers income.
Insufficient,
We can write:
(60+14)Z = 10(14X)

Average Y can be written as:
Y = (14X + 60Z)/(74)

Combining (1) and (2),
We still can't get a value for Y and Z.

Hence, (E) is the answer.
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Why would one assume that "budget for all salaries" is equal to the people mentioned in the statements. Could be 100 workers more, we do not know. E.
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