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Bunuel
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I have edited the question and the solution by adding more details to enhance its clarity. I hope it is now easier to understand.
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Hi Bunuel,

I feel the correct answer choice should be B , because from the second option we know that the train from Station A to B will be on track for 2 hrs i.e from 11:05 to 1:05 , where in the question it mentioned that one train per departure starting from 8, which means another train would depart at 8:15 , next 8:30 , 8:45 and then at 9 . So in one hr we have 5 train similarly from 11:05 to 12 we would have 4 trains , and from 12:15 to 1:05 we would have 4 trains . Hence 8 would be the total number of trains travelling from A to B the train from B to A will encounter.

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Trains depart from Station A to Station B every 15 minutes (one train per departure), starting from 8:00 am, and travel at the same constant speed.. At 11:05 am, a train, traveling at a constant speed, departs from Station B to Station A. If the distance between the two stations is 80 kilometers, how many trains traveling from A to B will the train traveling from B to A encounter during its journey?

(1) Trains from Station A to Station B travel at a constant speed of 40 kilometers per hour.

The above implies that trains from Station A to Station B are on the track for 2 hours. Therefore, the train from Station B is guaranteed to meet the 8 trains from Station A that departed between 9:15 a.m. and 11:00 a.m. If the train from B to A can cover the 80-kilometer distance in just 1 minute, it will only meet these 8 trains since it will arrive at Station A before the next train at 11:15 a.m. departs from Station A. However, if the train from B to A is much slower, it will meet more than 8 trains from Station A. Therefore, statement (1) is not sufficient to answer the question.

(2) The train from Station B to Station A travels at a constant speed of 40 kilometers per hour.

Since the train from Station B to Station A is on the track for 2 hours, it will arrive at Station A at 1:05 p.m. If trains from Station A to Station B take more than 3 hours and 5 minutes to arrive at Station B, then the train from B to A will meet all 21 trains that depart from Station A to Station B between 8:00 a.m. and 1:05 p.m. However, if the train from A to B can cover 80 kilometers in 1 minute, then the train from B to A will meet only 8 trains that depart from Station A to Station B between 11:15 a.m. and 1:05 p.m. Therefore, statement (2) is not sufficient to answer the question.

(1)+(2) We have no unknowns left, and can solve the question. However, for those who are interested, we can proceed as follows. Both, trains from Station A to B and the train from Station B to A are on the track for 2 hours. Therefore, the train traveling from B to A, in 2 hours, between 11:05 a.m. and 1:05 p.m., will encounter all 16 trains from Station A that departed between 9:15 a.m. and 1:05 p.m. Sufficient.

Answer: C
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Bunuel, could you please explain the calculation for number of train occurence
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Bunuel, could you please explain the calculation for number of train occurence

Sure. Here's the calculation for how many trains the B-to-A train will encounter once both statements are used:

We are told:

  • Trains leave Station A every 15 minutes starting from 8:00 am.
  • The train from Station B to Station A departs at 11:05 am.
  • From both statements, we know that the travel time in either direction is 2 hours.

So, the B-to-A train is on the track from 11:05 am to 1:05 pm.

To find how many A-to-B trains it will meet, we need to count all trains that are on the track at any time during that window. That includes:

  1. Trains from Station A that departed between 9:15 am and 11:00 am – because they’re still on the track when the B-to-A train departs at 11:05 am (they each stay on the track for 2 hours).
  2. Trains that depart between 11:15 am and 1:05 pm – these start after the B-to-A train departs but will be on the track while it's still traveling.

Trains from A to B are spaced every 15 minutes:

  • From 9:15 am to 11:00 am: that's 8 trains
  • From 11:15 am to 1:05 pm: that's another 8 trains

So:

8 (before) + 8 (after) = 16 trains met in total.
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This question is quite tricky IMO its borderline hard. The answer is not B here because we dont know if the trains in the initial time frame are still on tracks or have already left since we don't know their speeds and although they each depart after every 15 mins, the trains in the initial 2 hrs time frame may have all stayed on tracks still travelling when train on B left, leading to encountering more trains.
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Trains depart from Station A to Station B every 15 minutes (one train per departure), starting from 8:00 am, and travel at the same constant speed. At 11:05 am, a train, traveling at a constant speed, departs from Station B to Station A. If the distance between the two stations is 80 kilometers, how many trains traveling from A to B will the train traveling from B to A encounter during its journey?


(1) Trains from Station A to Station B travel at a constant speed of 40 kilometers per hour.

(2) The train from Station B to Station A travels at a constant speed of 40 kilometers per hour
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