I went with C D as well.
The second question I was split between B and D. This was my initial reasoning to keep B...
Part 1 of answer B:
"Employers did create maternity-leave programs in the 1970’s and 1980’s,
but not as a purely voluntary response in the absence of any government mandate.In 1972, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)..."
This section confirms the initial impact.
Part 2 of answer B:
"Yet perhaps because the Supreme Court later struck down the ruling, politicians and scholars have failed to recognize its effects assuming that employers adopted...feminization of the workforce."
This whole block of text shows that the author doesn't believe the Court ruling impacted the effects of EEOC.
In the end, I still chose D. I tried to poke holes in answer D and the only way I could think of weakening the answer involves the second part.
"but disagree about employers’ motivations for doing so." Is the author really disagreeing? The tone of the piece isn't very direct or critical. "Yet perhaps" does not make for a very convincing conclusion so maybe this weakens answer D. It can be read and interpreted that the author acknowledges the politicians and scholars and is now simply offering an alternative reason.