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Hi all!
I was reviewing the Q.13 on the OG 2015, and realized that I couldn't figure out the different steps to get a correct answer in approximately 2 minutes.
You can find the entire text below, followed by the Q.13 and its answer choices:
(line) Io and Europa, the inner two of Jupiter’s four
largest moons, are about the size of Earth’s moon
and are composed mostly or entirely of rock and
metal. Ganymede and Callisto are larger and roughly
(line 5) half ice. Thus, these four moons are somewhat
analogous to the planets of the solar system, in which
the rock- and metal-rich inner planets are distinct from
the much larger gas- and ice-rich outer planets.
Jupiter’s moons are, however, more “systematic”:
(line 10) many of their properties vary continuously with
distance from Jupiter. For example, Io is ice-free,
Europa has a surface shell of ice, and while
Ganymede and Callisto are both ice-rich, outermost
Callisto has more.
(line 15) This compositional gradient has geological
parallels. Io is extremely geologically active, Europa
seems to be active on a more modest scale, and
Ganymede has undergone bouts of activity in its
geological past. Only Callisto reveals no geological
(line 20) activity. In similar fashion, Callisto’s surface is very
heavily cratered from the impact of comets and
asteroids; Ganymede, like Earth’s moon, is heavily
cratered in parts; Europa is very lightly cratered; and
no craters have been detected on Io, even though
(line 25) Jupiter’s gravity attracts comets and asteroids
passing near it, substantially increasing the
bombardment rate of the inner moons compared to
that of the outer ones. But because of Io’s high
degree of geological activity, its surface undergoes
more-or-less continuous volcanic resurfacing.
13. The author’s reference to Jupiter’s gravity in line 25
serves primarily to
(A) indicate why the absence of craters on Io’s
surface is surprising (correct answer)
(B) explain the presence of craters on the surface
of Jupiter’s four largest moons
(C) provide an explanation for the lack of geological
activity on Callisto
(D) contrast Jupiter’s characteristics with the
characteristics of its four largest moons
(E) illustrate the similarity between Jupiter’s four
largest moons and the planets of the solar
system
My questions are the following:
1. Do you think it's indeed a "logical structure and organization" question type? If not how would categorize it?
2. What approach (what strategies/steps) would you use to solve it?
Thanks
I was reviewing the Q.13 on the OG 2015, and realized that I couldn't figure out the different steps to get a correct answer in approximately 2 minutes.
You can find the entire text below, followed by the Q.13 and its answer choices:
(line) Io and Europa, the inner two of Jupiter’s four
largest moons, are about the size of Earth’s moon
and are composed mostly or entirely of rock and
metal. Ganymede and Callisto are larger and roughly
(line 5) half ice. Thus, these four moons are somewhat
analogous to the planets of the solar system, in which
the rock- and metal-rich inner planets are distinct from
the much larger gas- and ice-rich outer planets.
Jupiter’s moons are, however, more “systematic”:
(line 10) many of their properties vary continuously with
distance from Jupiter. For example, Io is ice-free,
Europa has a surface shell of ice, and while
Ganymede and Callisto are both ice-rich, outermost
Callisto has more.
(line 15) This compositional gradient has geological
parallels. Io is extremely geologically active, Europa
seems to be active on a more modest scale, and
Ganymede has undergone bouts of activity in its
geological past. Only Callisto reveals no geological
(line 20) activity. In similar fashion, Callisto’s surface is very
heavily cratered from the impact of comets and
asteroids; Ganymede, like Earth’s moon, is heavily
cratered in parts; Europa is very lightly cratered; and
no craters have been detected on Io, even though
(line 25) Jupiter’s gravity attracts comets and asteroids
passing near it, substantially increasing the
bombardment rate of the inner moons compared to
that of the outer ones. But because of Io’s high
degree of geological activity, its surface undergoes
more-or-less continuous volcanic resurfacing.
13. The author’s reference to Jupiter’s gravity in line 25
serves primarily to
(A) indicate why the absence of craters on Io’s
surface is surprising (correct answer)
(B) explain the presence of craters on the surface
of Jupiter’s four largest moons
(C) provide an explanation for the lack of geological
activity on Callisto
(D) contrast Jupiter’s characteristics with the
characteristics of its four largest moons
(E) illustrate the similarity between Jupiter’s four
largest moons and the planets of the solar
system
My questions are the following:
1. Do you think it's indeed a "logical structure and organization" question type? If not how would categorize it?
2. What approach (what strategies/steps) would you use to solve it?
Thanks
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