Lets break all the choices..
A) A newly-designed missle spotting satellite achieves its purpose by detecting the hot exhaust of a rocket, measuring the rocket's speed by timing the rocket as it crosses the segments it divides the world into, and is powered by solar panels.
- This one is clearly wrong, since the participle phrase is modifying the rocket....
B) A newly-designed missle spotting satellite achieves its purpose by detecting the hot exhaust of a rocket, measures the rocket's speed by timing the rocket as it crosses the segments it divides the world into, and is powered by solar panels
- This one is parallel but the sentence means totally different..
C) A newly-designed missle spotting satellite is pwoered by solar panels and achieves its purposes by detecting the hot exhaust of a rocket, measuring the speed by timing the rocket as it crosses the segments it divides the world into
- This one is also bad. Measuring the speed of WHAT???
D) A newly-designed missle spotting satellite, powered by solar panels, achieves its purpose by detecting the hot exhaust of a rocket, it divides the world into segments, and it measures the speed by timing the rocket as it crosses the segments
- This one is totally out. Mixing IC with IC with no conjunctions...
E) Powered by solar panels, a newly-designed missile spotting satellite achieves its purpose by detecing the hot exhaust of a rocket and measuring the rocket's speed by timing the rocket as it crosses the segments which it divides the world into.
- This one makes sense man.... and no grammatical errors...
Lets stay with E unless OE says something else..