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Great question!

A is the answer

Posted from my mobile device
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In a recent study conducted at MIT, scientists discovered that the neurological pathways of the human brain are much more complicated than they were previously believed to be and that it will take several more years of study to identify exactly what governs the functioning of the cerebral cortex.


A. In a recent study conducted at MIT, scientists discovered that the neurological pathways of the human brain are much more complicated than they were previously believed to be- no errors since comparison is logical.

B. The neurological pathways of the human brain were discovered by scientists to be much more complicated than they were previously believed to be in a recent study conducted at MIT
-Placement of in a recent study conducted at MIT is incorrect.
-"The neurological pathways of the human brain were discovered" means pathways were discovered by scientists rather than the real meaning of discovering the comparison.

C. Scientists, in a recent study conducted at MIT, discovered the neurological pathways of the human brain that are much more complicated than they were previously believed to be
-See reasons in B

D. Scientists discovered that the neurological pathways of the human brain are much more complicated than they were previously believed to be in a recent study conducted at MIT
-See part reasons in B.

E. In a recent study conducted at MIT, scientists discovered that the neurological pathways of the human brain are much more complicated than they had previously believed
-neurological pathways of human brain are much more complicated than neurological pathways had previously believed. Illogical.
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Bunuel
In a recent study conducted at MIT, scientists discovered that the neurological pathways of the human brain are much more complicated than they were previously believed to be and that it will take several more years of study to identify exactly what governs the functioning of the cerebral cortex.


A. In a recent study conducted at MIT, scientists discovered that the neurological pathways of the human brain are much more complicated than they were previously believed to be
The meaning is perfect therefore let us hang on to it

B. The neurological pathways of the human brain were discovered by scientists to be much more complicated than they were previously believed to be in a recent study conducted at MIT
conducted by whom is not correctly answered hence out

C. Scientists, in a recent study conducted at MIT, discovered the neurological pathways of the human brain that are much more complicated than they were previously believed to be
This gives us a meaning asthough they found some new brains that we were far more complicated which is not the intended meaning

D. Scientists discovered that the neurological pathways of the human brain are much more complicated than they were previously believed to be in a recent study conducted at MIT
Similar reasoning as B

E. In a recent study conducted at MIT, scientists discovered that the neurological pathways of the human brain are much more complicated than they had previously believed
beleived to be better serves the cause

Therefore IMO A
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In a recent study conducted at MIT, scientists discovered that the neurological pathways of the human brain are much more complicated than they were previously believed to be and that it will take several more years of study to identify exactly what governs the functioning of the cerebral cortex.


A. In a recent study conducted at MIT, scientists discovered that the neurological pathways of the human brain are much more complicated than they were previously believed to be - CORRECT

B. The neurological pathways of the human brain were discovered by scientists to be much more complicated than they were previously believed to be in a recent study conducted at MIT - Incorrect placement of the modifier

C. Scientists, in a recent study conducted at MIT, discovered the neurological pathways of the human brain that are much more complicated than they were previously believed to be - Meaning is distorted here. As per original sentence, scientists discovered that NP of brain are complicated. As per this choice, scientists discovered NP of brain, which is incorrect.

D. Scientists discovered that the neurological pathways of the human brain are much more complicated than they were previously believed to be in a recent study conducted at MIT - Incorrect placement of the modifier (same as B)

E. In a recent study conducted at MIT, scientists discovered that the neurological pathways of the human brain are much more complicated than they had previously believed - Tense error. Past perfect is used to show some sequence of events. Here the sequence is not what author is trying to show.
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Bunuel
In a recent study conducted at MIT, scientists discovered that the neurological pathways of the human brain are much more complicated than they were previously believed to be and that it will take several more years of study to identify exactly what governs the functioning of the cerebral cortex.


A. In a recent study conducted at MIT, scientists discovered that the neurological pathways of the human brain are much more complicated than they were previously believed to be

B. The neurological pathways of the human brain were discovered by scientists to be much more complicated than they were previously believed to be in a recent study conducted at MIT

C. Scientists, in a recent study conducted at MIT, discovered the neurological pathways of the human brain that are much more complicated than they were previously believed to be

D. Scientists discovered that the neurological pathways of the human brain are much more complicated than they were previously believed to be in a recent study conducted at MIT

E. In a recent study conducted at MIT, scientists discovered that the neurological pathways of the human brain are much more complicated than they had previously believed

In Choice E, The active voice in the clause “they had previously believed” changes the intended meaning. Since the pronoun “they” logically refers to “scientists”, this choice indicates that “they” refers to the same set of scientists who discovered the fact about the pathways in the recent study. This is not logically correct according to the original sentence. The context of the sentence talks about the general belief about these pathways in the past.
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