Among lower- paid workers, union members are less likely

Question

Among lower- paid workers, union members are less likely than non union members to be enrolled in lower- end insurance plans  imposing stricter limits on medical services and requiring doctors to see more patients, and spend  less time with each.

a). imposing stricter limits on medical services and requiring doctors to see more patients, and spend 
b). imposing stricter limits on medical services , requiring doctors to see more patients, and spending 
c). that impose stricter limits on medical services, require doctors to see more patients, and spend 
d). that impose stricter limits on medical services and require doctors to see more patients, and spending 
e). that impose stricter limits on medical services, requiring doctors to see more patients and spending

optimisticAL · Answer

IMO C.

For A&B, using of participles is not appropiate.
For D&E, Parallel structure of the sentence is not maintained.

Please post OA.

mikeCoolBoy · Answer

First option D, correct contains an error. You have to remove "and" before spending.

The strategy here is to identify the verbs that have to be parallel to each other.

Option A

imposing and requiring are parallel to each other and refer to plans, saying that the plans impose stricter limits on medical services and require doctors to see more patients. Therefore analyzing the core of the sentence we have

Among lower- paid workers , union members are less likely than non union members to be enrolled in  lower- end  insurance plans  imposing stricter limits on medical services and requiring doctors to see more patients , and spend less time with each

union members are less likely than non union members to be enrolled in insurance plans, and spend less time with each other.

The second part of the sentence says that union members are less likely that non union members to spend less time with each other.

This is not the intended meaning of the sentence. so A is out.

Option B

Among lower- paid workers, union members are less likely than non union members to be enrolled in lower- end insurance plans imposing stricter limits on medical services , requiring doctors to see more patients, and spending less time with each

All the actions are parallel here and refer to plans. Clearly the plans cannot spend less time with each other. out.

Option C

Among lower- paid workers, union members are less likely than non union members to be enrolled in lower- end insurance plans that impose stricter limits on medical services, require doctors to see more patients, and spend less time with each

Same as B. out.

Option D

Among lower- paid workers, union members are less likely than non union members to be enrolled in lower- end insurance plans that impose stricter limits on medical services and require doctors to see more patients, spending less time with each

Here you have to parallel verbs impose and require that refer to plans. Spending is not parallel to the other two verbs because it plays a different role. Spending here is a present participle that modifies the previous clause "doctors to see more patients" saying doctors and patients spend less time with each other.

Option E

requiring and spending are present participles that modify the previous clause. Again spend here modifies plans that is not logical.

Let me know if this helps.

optimisticAL · Answer

great explanation!

I can add one more thing over here. In C,D and E the use of 'That imposes' work as a relative pronoun to explain 'insurance plan'. From this we can just sort out A and B for the selection list.

Thanks.

jitendra · Answer

OA is D!!

MBAhereIcome · Answer

jitendra, you did not post option D correctly. the option should be as follows:

(D) that impose stricter limits on medical services and require doctors to see more patients, spending

jamifahad · Answer

Spent 3 minutes figuring out the answer. Chose C obviously because option D in original post isn't correct.

D is correct as spending less time with each is direct consequence of doctors seeing more patients.

Among lower- paid workers, union members are less likely

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