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29 Jul 2021, 21:00
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Strengthen: It is possible to modify virtually any kind of healthy human cell by introducing genetic modifications without causing other cellular changes.
Weaken: The cancerous cells could attack the healthy cells containing the modified chromosome and turn them into cancerous cells, still containing the modified chromosome.
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
78% (01:59) correct
22%
(02:16)
wrong
based on 542
sessions
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Scientists have conceived of a new treatment method for a particular form of cancer. Healthy cells would be "marked" by introducing a modified chromosome that the treatment could detect, thereby avoiding attacking the healthy cells and attacking the other, cancerous cells. The scientists believe this new method could eliminate the need to use other treatments, such as traditional chemotherapy and radiation, to treat this form of cancer.
In the table below, identify which statement, if true, most strengthens the argument above, and which statement, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above.
In the table below, identify which statement, if true, most strengthens the argument above, and which statement, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above.
| Strengthen | Weaken | |
| Human cells have a very wide variation in chromosomal cellular structure. | ||
| Chemotherapy treatments focus on rapidly reproducing cells by attacking cells that are in the process of reproducing. | ||
| Some types of cancer are too widespread to be treated using the new method. | ||
| The cancerous cells could attack the healthy cells containing the modified chromosome and turn them into cancerous cells, still containing the modified chromosome. | ||
| It is possible to modify virtually any kind of healthy human cell by introducing genetic modifications without causing other cellular changes. |
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Official Answer
Strengthen: It is possible to modify virtually any kind of healthy human cell by introducing genetic modifications without causing other cellular changes.
Weaken: The cancerous cells could attack the healthy cells containing the modified chromosome and turn them into cancerous cells, still containing the modified chromosome.
11 Dec 2024, 16:39
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1. The main argument is that "this new method could eliminate the need to use other treatments." We are searching for the best statement to support and weaken this argument.
2. "Human cells have a very wide variation in chromosomal cellular structure" and "Chemotherapy treatments focus on rapidly reproducing cells by attacking cells that are in the process of reproducing" can be crossed out. This is because both statements are irrelevant (one talks about a characteristic of human cells which can't be implied and the other talks about how chemotherapy works and nothing on its differences with the new method).
3. Out of the three statements left, only "It is possible to modify virtually any kind of healthy human cell by introducing genetic modifications without causing other cellular changes" strengthens the argument. Here, it adds reason to why the new method would work effectively.
4. "Some types of cancer are too widespread to be treated using the new method" and "The cancerous cells could attack the healthy cells containing the modified chromosome and turn them into cancerous cells, still containing the modified chromosome" are left. The latter statement weakens the argument better since it would show that the new method is ineffective not only for some types of cancer, but probably all of them.
5. Our answer will be: Support - "It is possible to modify virtually any kind of healthy human cell by introducing genetic modifications without causing other cellular changes" and Weakens - "The cancerous cells could attack the healthy cells containing the modified chromosome and turn them into cancerous cells, still containing the modified chromosome."
2. "Human cells have a very wide variation in chromosomal cellular structure" and "Chemotherapy treatments focus on rapidly reproducing cells by attacking cells that are in the process of reproducing" can be crossed out. This is because both statements are irrelevant (one talks about a characteristic of human cells which can't be implied and the other talks about how chemotherapy works and nothing on its differences with the new method).
3. Out of the three statements left, only "It is possible to modify virtually any kind of healthy human cell by introducing genetic modifications without causing other cellular changes" strengthens the argument. Here, it adds reason to why the new method would work effectively.
4. "Some types of cancer are too widespread to be treated using the new method" and "The cancerous cells could attack the healthy cells containing the modified chromosome and turn them into cancerous cells, still containing the modified chromosome" are left. The latter statement weakens the argument better since it would show that the new method is ineffective not only for some types of cancer, but probably all of them.
5. Our answer will be: Support - "It is possible to modify virtually any kind of healthy human cell by introducing genetic modifications without causing other cellular changes" and Weakens - "The cancerous cells could attack the healthy cells containing the modified chromosome and turn them into cancerous cells, still containing the modified chromosome."
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