In the US, the term Curriculum Vitae usually refers to a longer, more detailed summary of one's accomplishments than a resume. Thus, a CV can occupy several pages (vs. just one or two for the resume). The US CV is usually seen in the context of academic or research based employment positions where a detailed list of one's publications, presentations, and academic awards etc. is especially relevant.
I certainly hope that one does not submit a laundry list of facts for a US style resume- since it is a short document, it needs to be tailored to the specific position.