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E "surprised at" is the correct idiomatic use here. I am not sure if "surprised by" is completely unidiomatic, for example, Even President Karzai looks surprised by President Obama's visit (NYT).
In the current context the difference between B and E is very subtle
'surprised at' suggests something has happened contrary to the way you expected, 'surprised by' suggests something you were not expecting at all.
'We were surprised at his peculiar behavior, we never expected him to lie' 'We were surprised by his peculiar behavior, he took us out for a dinner treat'
they are largely interchangeable but the expression 'to be surprised at someone' - often expressing disappointment with their behavior - is usually always with 'at' rather than 'by'.
There has to be more to the sentence to finalize one of the options.
Just wanted to weigh in, because this is WEIRD. I wonder if the person who posted this wrote it himself...
Many things make it weird. First of all, none of the answer choices have a grammatical issue. This would NEVER happen. All of these are grammatically correct, but some are more concise than others. And I agree with sh00nya that the difference between "surprised by" and "surprised at" is too subtle to ever be the central point of a GMAT question. Particularly because this sentence is provides no context to decide between them.
Now, if the sentence said, "We were surprised AT his jumping out of the closet with a machete", we might have a better idea what was wrong (though it still would never cut it as a GMAT question), because probably you'd be more actively surprised BY such an event than AT it.
Either way, this is a silly distinction, and an entirely ridiculous question.
-t
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