I think you are confusing a few issues here. In option B you say that you'll go for a CFA, another degree, a job in investment management and then try for a job at Goldman down the road. Generally speaking, Goldman is not an investment management firm (unless you're targeting their global alpha fund or something, and in that case, good luck if you're not from Harvard). They do investment banking and brokerage. A CFA is doing to have little impact for banking and trading jobs, and places like Goldman don't care about how many degrees and certifications you've accumulated.
I don't really have advice regarding your situation, but I'll offer a few observations. Goldman does consider people who are 35+, but you have to overcome the presumption that people at that stage of their lives won't be as likely to sacrifice and kill themselves for a job because they have family and other concerns; there will also be a question of whether you'd be willing to take orders from people 10 years younger than you, and why you haven't achieved more by this stage of your career. Older candidates generally have really good reasons why they are seeking a starting level job at this stage - military or people with success in other professions.
I do believe that a 750+ GMAT can help. It may help you get into a better business school if you apply again next year, and investment bank recruiters definitely look at GMAT scores. Even if you decide to go to Ohio State, a 750 GMAT could help you gain traction with IB recruiters. That said, it's not going to be a deciding factor. You'll need some other exciting stuff in your profile as well.
I'm just going to generalize, but GS and other top IBs recruit top 25-50% students at ultra-elite schools, top 10-20% students at elite schools, and rarely anywhere else. People from other schools have specific skills or backgrounds that they are looking for. Based on where you stand right now, your goal of getting a job at GS or a top Hedge will be tough to achieve. I encourage you to check out the profiles of people in such jobs so you can get an idea of what it will take to get there yourself.