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03 Apr 2025, 16:45
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A cloud computing environment leverages many fundamental technologies. One such technology is virtualization, which allows for a number of virtual machines to share the physical resources of a single physical machine. A large number of physical machines with virtualization could be networked together to form what is known as a cloud environment. A virtual machine that is hosted on a physical machine is often referred to as a guest virtual machine.
The increase in the number of organizations using the same physical host machine for guest virtual machines creates opportunities for certain types of attacks. One example is a side channel attack, in which one virtual machine monitors how another uses shared processor memory to infer sensitive information.
A technique that allows a virtual machine to accommodate increased resource needs or protect against such attacks is migration. Migration is the process of moving a guest virtual machine from one physical host to another. Two migration types considered through experimentation were cloning migration and offline migration. To compare different migration types, a Denial of Service (DoS) scenario was created to increase the resource needs of a host and cause a migration of a virtual machine from one physical host to another.
The increase in the number of organizations using the same physical host machine for guest virtual machines creates opportunities for certain types of attacks. One example is a side channel attack, in which one virtual machine monitors how another uses shared processor memory to infer sensitive information.
A technique that allows a virtual machine to accommodate increased resource needs or protect against such attacks is migration. Migration is the process of moving a guest virtual machine from one physical host to another. Two migration types considered through experimentation were cloning migration and offline migration. To compare different migration types, a Denial of Service (DoS) scenario was created to increase the resource needs of a host and cause a migration of a virtual machine from one physical host to another.
The fastest migration time recorded in the cloning migration tests was lower than the fastest time in the offline migration tests.: No
The median migration time was greater than the average for each of the two migration types.: No
The range of the offline migration times was more than twice the range of the cloning migration times.: Yes
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
45%
(medium)
Question Stats:
59% (03:40) correct
41%
(03:56)
wrong
based on 446
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
For each of the following statements, select Yes if the statement accurately reflects the information provided. Otherwise, select No.
| Yes | No | |
| The fastest migration time recorded in the cloning migration tests was lower than the fastest time in the offline migration tests. | ||
| The median migration time was greater than the average for each of the two migration types. | ||
| The range of the offline migration times was more than twice the range of the cloning migration times. |
ShowHide Answer
Official Answer
The fastest migration time recorded in the cloning migration tests was lower than the fastest time in the offline migration tests.: No
The median migration time was greater than the average for each of the two migration types.: No
The range of the offline migration times was more than twice the range of the cloning migration times.: Yes
In the experiment, a Denial of Service (DoS) scenario was created to trigger migration for comparison purposes.
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
35%
(medium)
Question Stats:
66% (01:23) correct
34%
(01:27)
wrong
based on 468
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Based on the information provided, which of the following statements is most strongly supported?
| Offline and cloning are the only available types of virtual machine migration. | |
| In the experiment, a Denial of Service (DoS) scenario was created to trigger migration for comparison purposes. | |
| For all virtual machine migration types, the total migration time is equal to the guest virtual machine’s downtime. | |
| Side channel attacks pose a greater risk to virtual machines than Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. | |
| Virtual machines eliminate the need for physical machines in cloud environments. |
ShowHide Answer
Official Answer
In the experiment, a Denial of Service (DoS) scenario was created to trigger migration for comparison purposes.
Lowest average migration time: No
Fastest possible migration time: No
Lowest maximum migration time: No
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
72% (01:22) correct
28%
(01:28)
wrong
based on 442
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
In addition to the two migration types tested earlier, a third type—live migration—was tested in a separate experiment. Its average completion time was 30 seconds, with a fastest time of 24 seconds and a slowest of 114 seconds. For each of the following factors, select Yes if, based on that factor, live migration would be the best choice among the three migration types. Otherwise, select No.
| Yes | No | |
| Lowest average migration time | ||
| Fastest possible migration time | ||
| Lowest maximum migration time |
ShowHide Answer
Official Answer
Lowest average migration time: No
Fastest possible migration time: No
Lowest maximum migration time: No
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02 Jun 2025, 01:45
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Official Solution:
The fastest migration time recorded in the cloning migration tests was lower than the fastest time in the offline migration tests.
First, note that the scales on the two charts are not the same, so be careful not to compare the heights of the smallest bars directly. In the cloning migration tests, the fastest migration time was approximately 44.5 seconds. In the offline migration tests, the fastest time was about 21 seconds. Therefore, the statement is not accurate.
The median migration time was greater than the average for each of the two migration types.
The median of a list with an even number of values is the average of the fifth and sixth values when arranged in order. In the charts, this corresponds to the fifth and sixth migration times in sorted order. The average is represented by the blue line in both graphs.
In the cloning migration tests, the fifth and sixth values correspond to Tests 3 and 4, both of which are above the average line. Therefore, their average—the median—would also be greater than the average.
In the offline migration tests, all bars except the highest one are below the average line. This means the fifth and sixth values would also be below the average, so the median would be lower than the average.
Therefore, the statement is not accurate.
The range of the offline migration times was more than twice the range of the cloning migration times.
The range of the offline migration times is the highest time minus the lowest time, which is approximately 34 − 21 = 13 seconds. The range of the cloning migration times is about 49.5 − 44.5 = 5 seconds. Since 13 is more than twice 5, the statement is accurate.
Correct answer:
The fastest migration time recorded in the cloning migration tests was lower than the fastest time in the offline migration tests.
"No"
The median migration time was greater than the average for each of the two migration types.
"No"
The range of the offline migration times was more than twice the range of the cloning migration times.
"Yes"
Bunuel
The fastest migration time recorded in the cloning migration tests was lower than the fastest time in the offline migration tests.
First, note that the scales on the two charts are not the same, so be careful not to compare the heights of the smallest bars directly. In the cloning migration tests, the fastest migration time was approximately 44.5 seconds. In the offline migration tests, the fastest time was about 21 seconds. Therefore, the statement is not accurate.
The median migration time was greater than the average for each of the two migration types.
The median of a list with an even number of values is the average of the fifth and sixth values when arranged in order. In the charts, this corresponds to the fifth and sixth migration times in sorted order. The average is represented by the blue line in both graphs.
In the cloning migration tests, the fifth and sixth values correspond to Tests 3 and 4, both of which are above the average line. Therefore, their average—the median—would also be greater than the average.
In the offline migration tests, all bars except the highest one are below the average line. This means the fifth and sixth values would also be below the average, so the median would be lower than the average.
Therefore, the statement is not accurate.
The range of the offline migration times was more than twice the range of the cloning migration times.
The range of the offline migration times is the highest time minus the lowest time, which is approximately 34 − 21 = 13 seconds. The range of the cloning migration times is about 49.5 − 44.5 = 5 seconds. Since 13 is more than twice 5, the statement is accurate.
Correct answer:
The fastest migration time recorded in the cloning migration tests was lower than the fastest time in the offline migration tests.
"No"
The median migration time was greater than the average for each of the two migration types.
"No"
The range of the offline migration times was more than twice the range of the cloning migration times.
"Yes"
03 Jun 2025, 01:45
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Official Solution:
Offline and cloning are the only available types of virtual machine migration.
• Tab 1 states that offline and cloning migrations were tested in the experiment, but it does not claim they are the only available types. Other migration types may exist. Not supported.
In the experiment, a Denial of Service (DoS) scenario was created to trigger migration for comparison purposes.
• Tab 1 clearly states that a Denial of Service (DoS) scenario was created in order to compare different migration types. This was a constructed condition used to trigger migration during the experiment. Supported.
For all virtual machine migration types, the total migration time is equal to the guest virtual machine’s downtime.
• Tabs 2 and 3 confirm that total time equals downtime for offline and cloning migrations. However, no information is provided about all migration types, so the statement overgeneralizes. Not supported.
Side channel attacks pose a greater risk to virtual machines than Denial of Service (DoS) attacks.
• Tab 1 defines what a side channel attack is, but the tabs do not compare the severity or risk level of side channel attacks versus DoS attacks. No such conclusion can be drawn. Not supported.
Virtual machines eliminate the need for physical machines in cloud environments.
• Tab 1 explains that virtual machines run on physical machines. It does not state or suggest that physical machines are unnecessary. In fact, physical machines are essential to cloud environments. Not supported.
Correct answer:
Based on the information provided, which of the following statements is most strongly supported?
"In the experiment, a Denial of Service (DoS) scenario was created to trigger migration for comparison purposes."
Bunuel
Offline and cloning are the only available types of virtual machine migration.
• Tab 1 states that offline and cloning migrations were tested in the experiment, but it does not claim they are the only available types. Other migration types may exist. Not supported.
In the experiment, a Denial of Service (DoS) scenario was created to trigger migration for comparison purposes.
• Tab 1 clearly states that a Denial of Service (DoS) scenario was created in order to compare different migration types. This was a constructed condition used to trigger migration during the experiment. Supported.
For all virtual machine migration types, the total migration time is equal to the guest virtual machine’s downtime.
• Tabs 2 and 3 confirm that total time equals downtime for offline and cloning migrations. However, no information is provided about all migration types, so the statement overgeneralizes. Not supported.
Side channel attacks pose a greater risk to virtual machines than Denial of Service (DoS) attacks.
• Tab 1 defines what a side channel attack is, but the tabs do not compare the severity or risk level of side channel attacks versus DoS attacks. No such conclusion can be drawn. Not supported.
Virtual machines eliminate the need for physical machines in cloud environments.
• Tab 1 explains that virtual machines run on physical machines. It does not state or suggest that physical machines are unnecessary. In fact, physical machines are essential to cloud environments. Not supported.
Correct answer:
Based on the information provided, which of the following statements is most strongly supported?
"In the experiment, a Denial of Service (DoS) scenario was created to trigger migration for comparison purposes."
