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A corporation’s recent financial report indicates that customers in its Quarx stores, which play upbeat music through an in-store audio system, spend on average 25 percent more per shopping trip thancustomers in its Cubix stores, which advertise specials over the audio system. Clearly, hearing music has a greater impact than hearing advertisements on how much money customers spend when shopping.

Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument above?


(A) A study conducted by a psychologist found that hearing music makes shoppers feel financially secure, so they are more likely to make impulse purchases.

(B) Customers who hear advertisements for things they dislike form a negative association between their shopping experience and what they heard, making them less likely to return to the store where they heard the advertisement.

(C) Stores that play music tend to carry products that are essential to daily life, while those that advertise specials often stock unessential, fun items that the stores hope consumers will decide to buy on a whim if offered a special price.

(D) An economist who studied consumer shopping habits found that about half the population likes to listen to music while shopping, while the other half reports either disliking music or not noticing that music is playing.

(E) According to a recent sociological study, customers say that hearing specials announced while they are shopping is irritating, but they often take advantage of the discounts offered in those announcements.




KAPLAN OFFICIAL EXPLANATION



STEP 1: IDENTIFY THE QUESTION TYPE
The question stem asks for the answer choice that will most strengthen the argument, making this a Strengthen question.

STEP 2: UNTANGLE THE STIMULUS
This is a causality argument. It concludes that playing music increases customer spending more than advertising specials over an in-store audio system. The evidence given is a report on two chains of stores. According to the report, Quarx stores play music on their audio systems and saw customers buy 25% more, on average, than customers at Cubix stores, which advertise specials on their audio systems.

STEP 3: PREDICT THE ANSWER
The correct answer will either make it more likely that hearing music causes customers to increase their spending or make it less likely that some other factor caused Quarx customers to outspend Cubix customers.

STEP 4: EVALUATE THE CHOICES
(A) strengthens the conclusion. The study found a direct link between how music makes customers feel and their willingness to spend more than they initially planned, supporting the conclusion that music increases how much money is spent. (B) does not say anything about how much is spent at the time the ads are heard. Since the argument is about what is spent on a particular shopping trip, future shopping trips are irrelevant. (C) does not strengthen (or weaken) the conclusion because it doesn’t link this information about product selection to how much money customers spend. (D) does not provide any information about the impact customers’ opinions of hearing music while shopping has on how much money customers spend. Finally, (E) also fails to establish any connection to how much is spent. Furthermore, it fails to mention music at all.
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