Bunuel
A design firm is comparing six proposals for a new community center: Atlas, Birch, Crest, Drift, Ember, and Forge. Each proposal is rated from A to G on seven criteria, ranging from Energy efficiency to Ease of maintenance, where A is the highest rating and G is the lowest rating. Thus, A is higher than B, B is higher than C, and so on.
A proposal X is said to
outrank another proposal Y if X matches or exceeds Y’s rating on every criterion, but Y does not match all of X’s ratings.
| Criterion | Atlas | Birch | Crest | Drift | Ember | Forge |
|---|
| Energy efficiency | A | B | E | E | A | D |
| Natural lighting | B | B | A | B | E | C |
| Interior flexibility | C | C | B | B | A | D |
| Accessibility | B | C | B | B | E | A |
| Durability | A | B | C | C | B | D |
| Cost control | D | D | C | C | A | B |
| Ease of maintenance | C | D | B | B | F | A |
For each of the following proposals, select
Yes if the proposal outranks at least one other proposal in the table. Otherwise, select
No.
Official Solution:First, remember what we need to establish. A proposal outranks another proposal only if it is rated at least as highly on
every criterion and higher on at least one.
A useful way to check this is to sort the column for the proposal being tested from its highest rating to its lowest. Then compare it with the other proposals. As soon as another proposal has a higher rating on even one criterion, that proposal cannot be outranked, so we can move on to the next comparison.
• AtlasSort the
Atlas column from A to D and begin comparing Atlas with the other proposals.
Start with Birch. Atlas is rated at least as highly as Birch on every criterion. For example, Atlas has A versus B for Energy efficiency, B versus C for Accessibility, and A versus B for Durability, while the two proposals tie on several other criteria.
Thus, Atlas exceeds Birch on some criteria and is never lower on any criterion.
Therefore, Atlas outranks Birch. Since we only need to determine whether Atlas outranks
at least one proposal, no further comparisons are necessary.
Answer:
Yes.
• CrestSort the
Crest column from A to E and compare Crest with the other proposals.
Crest does not outrank Atlas because Atlas has a higher rating for Energy efficiency, A compared with Crest's E.
Crest also does not outrank Birch because Birch again has a higher rating for Energy efficiency, B compared with Crest's E.
Next compare Crest with Drift. They have the same rating on every criterion except Natural lighting, where Crest has A and Drift has B.
Thus, Crest matches or exceeds Drift on every criterion and exceeds it on one.
Therefore, Crest outranks Drift.
Answer:
Yes.
• EmberSort the
Ember column from A to F. To check efficiently whether Ember outranks another proposal, look for just one criterion on which that proposal has a higher rating than Ember. Finding one is enough to eliminate that comparison.
Atlas has A for Durability, while Ember has B, so Ember does not outrank Atlas.
Birch has B for Natural lighting, while Ember has E, so Ember does not outrank Birch.
Crest has A for Natural lighting, while Ember has E, so Ember does not outrank Crest.
Drift has B for Natural lighting, while Ember has E, so Ember does not outrank Drift.
Forge has A for Accessibility, while Ember has E, so Ember does not outrank Forge.
Since every other proposal has at least one criterion on which it is rated higher than Ember, Ember does not outrank any proposal.
Answer:
No.
Correct answer:Proposal Atlas: "Yes"
Proposal Crest: "Yes"
Proposal Ember: "No"