A good way to get over one’s fear of an activity one finds terrifying is to do it repeatedly. For instance, over half of people who have parachuted only once report being extremely frightened by the experience, while less than 1 percent of those who have parachuted ten times or more report being frightened by it.
The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument:The argument says repeated parachuting reduces fear because people who parachuted many times report much less fear than people who parachuted once.
The flaw is that the people who parachuted many times may have been
less afraid from the start. So the difference may not be caused by repetition.
(A) takes for granted that the greater the number of dangerous activities one engages in the less one is frightened by any one of them
This is too broad. The argument is about repeating one terrifying activity, not about doing many different dangerous activities.
(B) neglects to consider those people who have parachuted more than once but fewer than ten times
This is not the main flaw. Intermediate cases might give more detail, but the core problem is that the two groups may have been different before parachuting repeatedly.
(C) takes for granted that people do not know how frightening something is unless they have tried it
This is not assumed. The argument is based on people’s reports after parachuting, not on whether people can predict fear before trying something.
(D) fails to take into account the possibility that people would be better off if they did not do things that terrify them
This is outside the argument. The issue is whether repetition reduces fear, not whether doing terrifying things is good overall.
(E) overlooks the possibility that most people who have parachuted many times did not find it frightening initially
This is correct. If people who parachuted many times were mostly not very frightened at the beginning, then their low fear later does not show that repeated parachuting helped them get over fear.
Answer: (E)