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Hi Azakura16
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A multinational electricity conglomerate, in its 2004 annual report, disclosed that four of its five divisions made a profit, an improvement over last year when only the European division had positive net income. The Chief Executive Officer claimed his new strategy, which involved exploiting previously untapped rural markets, is completely responsible for the improved financial performance.

Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the CEO's explanation of the conglomerate's improved financial performance?

A. The electricity conglomerate opened over thirty-three new profitable offices in rural markets last year.

B. The company's urban markets did not experience substantial changes in terms of either revenues or costs.

C. The accounting department applied a new accounting regulation that includes as revenue transactions that previously would have not have been recorded until the following year.

D. There will be fewer layoffs at the unprofitable divisions because a new union contract allows the company to reduce wages by ten percent to alleviate financial constraints.

E. Five years ago, the company's five divisions all met or exceeded the average net income of the one hundred largest electricity companies.

Background info: Last year, only the European division of a multinational electricity conglomerate made a profit.
Background info: This year, 4 out of 5 of the conglomerate’s divisions were profitable.
Premise: The CEO recently implemented a new strategy which involved exploiting previously untapped rural markets.
Conclusion: The CEO believes that his new strategy is completely responsible for the improved financial performance.

We’re looking to weaken the argument.

A. This strengthens his conclusion. If they opened a bunch of new offices in rural areas, per his plan, and the offices are profitable, then his new strategy looks effective.
B. This is tempting, but it doesn’t offer an alternative explanation for the improved financial situation. The CEO’s plan could still be responsible for the increased profits.
C. This weakens the argument. If these transactions wouldn’t have been shown until next year before the new accounting regulation was implemented, then that artificially inflates this year’s revenue. Even if the CEO's new strategy was still helpful, it wasn't completely responsible.
D. Irrelevant. We’re concerned with the present balance sheet, not potential future layoffs at unprofitable divisions.
E. Irrelevant. We’re talking about the difference between this year and last year. Five years ago is out of the scope of this argument.

Best answer is C.
Don’t you feel that option D would strengthen the statement instead of being irrelevant? Since the option talks about a strategic union which would reduce the cost of labour and thus increase the company’s profits?
Since the CEO is saying that his recently implemented plan was the exclusive cause of the improved financial performance this year over last year, D doesn't strengthen his argument. The layoffs haven't happened yet, so they don't affect the current annual report. They could affect next year's annual report, but the CEO's claim is only about this year vs last year.
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A multinational electricity conglomerate, in its 2004 annual report, disclosed that four of its five divisions made a profit, an improvement over last year when only the European division had positive net income. The Chief Executive Officer claimed his new strategy, which involved exploiting previously untapped rural markets, is completely responsible for the improved financial performance.

Presumption: We need to find a way which states that improvement in financial performance does not occur due to exploiting previously untapped rural markets.

Option C completely aligns with our presumption.

Answer: C. The accounting department applied a new accounting regulation that includes as revenue transactions that previously would have not have been recorded until the following year.
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Bunuel
A multinational electricity conglomerate, in its 2004 annual report, disclosed that four of its five divisions made a profit, an improvement over last year when only the European division had positive net income. The Chief Executive Officer claimed his new strategy, which involved exploiting previously untapped rural markets, is completely responsible for the improved financial performance.

Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the CEO's explanation of the conglomerate's improved financial performance?

A. The electricity conglomerate opened over thirty-three new profitable offices in rural markets last year.

B. The company's urban markets did not experience substantial changes in terms of either revenues or costs.

C. The accounting department applied a new accounting regulation that includes as revenue transactions that previously would have not have been recorded until the following year.

D. There will be fewer layoffs at the unprofitable divisions because a new union contract allows the company to reduce wages by ten percent to alleviate financial constraints.

E. Five years ago, the company's five divisions all met or exceeded the average net income of the one hundred largest electricity companies.


Official Explanation



The words "would most seriously weaken" identify this as a Weaken question. The correct answer will make the CEO's explanation less likely to be true.

The CEO claimed that the new rural-market strategy is "completely responsible" for the conglomerate's improved performance. His evidence for this causal claim is simply that more divisions made a profit this year than last.

The CEO is assuming there is no other explanation for the improved performance. A weakener will attack the connection between the CEO's evidence and his conclusion. It will suggest some other explanation for the fact that more of the conglomerate's divisions made a profit this year. It's hard to know exactly what the GMAT will come up with, but having the general prediction in mind will make it much easier to eliminate wrong choices.

(C) suggests another explanation for the higher income and is therefore correct. It's not that the rural-market strategy caused improved performance, but simply that changes in accounting procedures resulted in more things being included as revenue than before.

(A) is a 180. By explaining that exploiting rural markets is having a significant positive impact on the company's operations, this strengthens, rather than weakens, the CEO's explanation.

(B) is also a 180. By establishing that urban markets did not account for the profit increase, this choice makes it more likely that rural markets did. While this doesn't prove the CEO's explanation, it does make it a little more likely to be correct.

(D) deals with consequences of having an unprofitable division, which are completely unrelated to the causes of the company's improved financial performance. This is thus irrelevant to the argument.

(E) is irrelevant to the argument, which is about the improvement between 2003 and 2004. Events that took place in 1999 have no bearing on whether the company's improved financial performance in the year in question were due to the CEO's strategy.
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