According to Rand, a universalized healthcare system

Question

According to Rand, a universalized healthcare system (that is, government-funded) would never be utilized as judiciously as a private healthcare system. Each patient would be tempted to monopolize the attention of the physicians because the individual would reap the benefits, while the costs of reduced physician availability that results from the said monopolization would be collectively borne by all users. However, a study comparing healthcare in 17 countries with universalized healthcare and healthcare in 30 countries with private healthcare showed that the universalized healthcare systems were more efficient.

Which of the following, if true and known by the patients, would best help explain the results of the study?

A. In a private healthcare system, both the costs and the benefits of monopolizing the attention of the physicians fall to the individual user.
B. If one patient in a universalized healthcare system monopolizes the physicians’ attention even slightly, the other users are likely to do so to an even greater degree, causing the costs to each user to outweigh the benefits.
C. A patient who monopolizes the attention of physicians in universalized healthcare might be able to achieve better healthcare than other patients can.
D. The cost in reduced physician availability that can be attributed to any individual patient is less measurable with universalized healthcare than it is with private healthcare.
E. There are more physicians employed in the private healthcare system than there are in the universalized healthcare system.

dolor · Answer

hi please provide an OA. thankyou

Bunuel · Answer

The OA will be automatically revealed on Tuesday 15th of July 2025 02:00:05 AM Pacific Time Zone  
 
Meanwhile, you are welcome to post your explanation.

dolor · Answer

thank you and sorry for the inconvenience

Bunuel · Answer

Experts' Global Explanation:   
 
 Mind-map:  Government-funded healthcare systems are more likely to be used less carefully than private systems à individual patients could monopolize physicians’ attention à individual patient may get benefits but costs would be spread among all users à study of government-funded and private systems showed that government-funded systems were more efficient
 
 Missing-link:  Between government-funded systems being more likely to be used less carefully than private systems and a study of government-funded and private systems showing that government-funded systems were more efficient
 
 Expectation from the correct answer choice:  To explain why a study of government-funded and private systems showed that government-funded systems were more efficient despite government-funded systems being more likely to be used less carefully than private systems 
 
A. Trap. This answer choice, suggesting that monopolizing a private system leads to increased costs for individuals, suggests that private healthcare systems are more likely to be used more carefully than government-funded systems but   does not explain why government systems were more efficient   than private systems. Because this answer choice does not explain the discrepancy in the argument, this answer choice is incorrect.
 
B.  Correct . By suggesting that even a slight monopolization of a physician likely leads to a greater monopolization by everyone else and results in costs overweighing benefits to everyone, this answer choice indicates that   patients in     a government-funded system are likely to avoid any monopolization  , thus explaining why government-funded systems were more efficient than private systems. Because this answer choice clarifies the exact discrepancy, this answer choice is correct.
 
C. Trap. This answer choice, suggesting benefits to an individual monopolizing the physician in a government-funded system, explains why government-funded systems are more likely to be used less carefully than private systems; so, this answer choice, if anything,   casts doubt on, rather than explains,     why government systems were more efficient   than private systems. Because this answer choice does not explain the discrepancy in the argument, this answer choice is incorrect.
 
D. Trap. This answer choice, suggesting that the cost of an individual monopolizing a physician is more difficult to measure in a government-funded system than in a private system, indicates that   individuals have little concern in monopolizing physicians in a government-funded system than in a private system  , thus explaining why government-funded systems are more likely to be used less carefully than private systems; so, this answer choice, if anything,   casts doubt on, rather than explains,     why government systems were more efficient   than private systems. Because this answer choice does not explain the discrepancy in the argument, this answer choice is incorrect.
 
E. Trap. This answer choice, suggesting a greater number of physicians in a private healthcare system, indicates that the private systems have   more availability of physicians   and, as a result, are   likely to be less vulnerable to inefficiencies   related to the monopolization of physicians; so, this answer choice, if anything,   casts doubt on, rather than explains,     why government systems were more efficient   than private systems. Because this answer choice does not explain the discrepancy in the argument, this answer choice is incorrect.
 
 B is the best choice.

According to Rand, a universalized healthcare system

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According to Rand, a universalized healthcare system

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