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After 22 years of observations in Shark Bay, Australia, behavioral bio

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After 22 years of observations in Shark Bay, Australia, behavioral bio [#permalink] New post   08 May 2023, 20:00
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After 22 years of observations in Shark Bay, Australia, behavioral biologist Janet Mann and her colleagues have discovered that certain bottlenose dolphins, known as spongers, form social networks, showing the first hints of culture among non-human animals. Spongers are dolphins that wear marine basket sponges on their beaks as hunting tools, using them to root around on deep sandy bottoms and find fish concealed below the sand. Sponging is a complex hunting technique passed on from mother to offspring. A sponger must know where the sponges grow, how to pick the right sponge, how to remove the sponge intact from the ocean floor, and how and where to properly hunt.

Spongers typically live solitary lives, but over 22 years of observation, a pattern emerged. The 28 female spongers formed cliques with other female spongers that were not necessarily genetically related to them. This behavior differs from other animal behavior where circumstances, such as genetics or food sources, dictate the formation of groups. The fact that these spongers chose to associate based upon similar, socially learned behaviors makes their cliques a cultural first among animals.

1. Which of the following expresses the main idea of the passage?

(A) Sponging is a complex behavior used by some dolphins as a hunting technique.
(B) Any study of animal behavior must take place over an extended period of time in order for patterns to emerge.
(C) A small set of non-human animals has been found to form social networks.
(D) Studying how animals form groups is important to our understanding of nature.
(E) Only humans can form social networks.


2. Which of the following can be properly inferred from the passage?

I. Groups formed by genetic bonds or food supplies do not qualify as social networks.
II. All spongers of Shark Bay, Australia form social networks.
III. Spongers can only be found in Shark Bay, Australia.

A. I Only
B. II Only
C. III Only
D. I and II Only
E. I and III Only



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Re: After 22 years of observations in Shark Bay, Australia, behavioral bio [#permalink] New post   03 Jun 2023, 11:07
Good evening sir,
May I get the explanation for question 2 ?

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After 22 years of observations in Shark Bay, Australia, behavioral bio [#permalink] New post   03 Jun 2023, 11:23
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After 22 years of observations in Shark Bay, Australia, behavioral biologist Janet Mann, and her colleagues have discovered that certain bottlenose dolphins, known as spongers, form social networks, showing the first hints of culture among non-human animals.

A fact. Scientists observed that a kind of dolphin has strong interactions among the members which is the first trace of culture in non-humans

Spongers are dolphins that wear marine basket sponges on their beaks as hunting tools, using them to root around on deep sandy bottoms and find fish concealed below the sand.

These dolphins have a special tool to find fish under the sand in the ocean

Sponging is a complex hunting technique passed on from mother to offspring.

This technique is passed from mother to offspring or calves

A sponger must know where the sponges grow, how to pick the right sponge, how to remove the sponge intact from the ocean floor, and how and where to properly hunt.

here we have an explanation of how the sponger works

Spongers typically live solitary lives, but over 22 years of observation, a pattern emerged.

They are lone animals but after several years of observations something, maybe, is different


The 28 female spongers formed cliques with other female spongers that were not necessarily genetically related to them.

There is also a relationship among spongers NOT related genetically I.E are not bonded by blood


This behavior differs from other animal behavior where circumstances, such as genetics or food sources, dictate the formation of groups.

This is the explanation why the spongers act this way

The fact that these spongers chose to associate based upon similar, socially learned behaviors makes their cliques a cultural first among animals.

Turns out, this explains and confirms what is stated in the first sentence
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After 22 years of observations in Shark Bay, Australia, behavioral bio [#permalink] New post   03 Jun 2023, 11:27
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1. Which of the following expresses the main idea of the passage?

(A) Sponging is a complex behavior used by some dolphins as a hunting technique.

Too specific to grasp the over all idea of the passage

(B) Any study of animal behavior must take place over an extended period of time in order for patterns to emerge.

Again, specific. Moreover, this is somehow false , in the sense that ANY study must take place over a long period of time. This could be also NOt true and also is not what the passage states

(C) A small set of non-human animals has been found to form social networks.

perfect. The first sentence of the passage

(D) Studying how animals form groups is important to our understanding of nature.

Just a filler as an answer choice

(E) Only humans can form social networks.

Ridiculous option to insert. In the official GMAT you will never see such options. Neither in the easiest passages
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After 22 years of observations in Shark Bay, Australia, behavioral bio [#permalink] New post   03 Jun 2023, 11:31
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2. Which of the following can be properly inferred from the passage?

I. Groups formed by genetic bonds or food supplies do not qualify as social networks.

True. We do know also from the passage that many spongers associate with each other and they are not genetically related.

II. All spongers of Shark Bay, Australia form social networks.

Janet Mann and her colleagues have discovered that certain bottlenose dolphins

The option says ALL spongers

False

III. Spongers can only be found in Shark Bay, Australia.

No information if that is true. We do not know. we do know only about observations in Australia

False


A. I Only
B. II Only
C. III Only
D. I and II Only
E. I and III Only
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After 22 years of observations in Shark Bay, Australia, behavioral bio [#permalink]
03 Jun 2023, 11:31
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