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gmat1011
All plants need light to have a suitable climate, an ample supply of water, and minerals from the soil.

a) to have a suitable climate, an ample supply of water, and minerals from the soil
b) for a suitable climate to have an ample supply of water and minerals from the soil
c) and a suitable climate which provides an ample supply of water and minerals from the soil
d) an ample supply of water and minerals from the soil in order to have a suitable climate
e) in order to have a suitable climate of an ample water supply and minerals of the soil

[I don't get how "climate" can provide minerals... climate refers to 'meteorological conditions'; so I thought C didn't make sense and picked A, which also doesn't make sense as light can't provide all those things either...]

Good one left me tickling my brain for a few minutes and after POA reached the correct answer....

The sentence presents a list -

All plants need
light and
a suitable climate which provides an ample supply of water and minerals from the soil

Though (C) too doesn't look good we have no other healthy option , choosing (C) best among the rest.
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Can some one tell me "Which" not preceded by a comma modifies the entire clause or the subject of the sentence?
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"Which" never modifies a clause. With or without a comma, it will always modify the preceding noun or noun phrase. In this sentence, "which" serves the function normally filled by "that" on the GMAT: to introduce an essential modifier. Perhaps "which" has been used this way on the GMAT, but I can't think of a case where it has, and that's certainly not the norm.

Overall, this just isn't a very good sentence. The "correct" answer simply doesn't meet the standards of grammar and meaning that we'd see on the GMAT. For instance, it doesn't make sense to say that the climate provides "minerals from the soil." Stick with official questions as much as possible if you want to learn the rules of written English as applied on the test.
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sowragu
Can some one tell me "Which" not preceded by a comma modifies the entire clause or the subject of the sentence?

Hi,
'which' is always used in non-restrictive clauses, although the OG does mention that 'which' can be used in restrictive clauses too..
But as [b]DmitryFarber
says, No Q that uses which in this role or also in restrictive role has been normally seen on actual GMAT..
A wrong Q to practice[/b]
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gmat1011
All plants need light to have a suitable climate, an ample supply of water, and minerals from the soil.

a) to have a suitable climate, an ample supply of water, and minerals from the soil
b) for a suitable climate to have an ample supply of water and minerals from the soil
c) and a suitable climate which provides an ample supply of water and minerals from the soil
d) an ample supply of water and minerals from the soil in order to have a suitable climate
e) in order to have a suitable climate of an ample water supply and minerals of the soil

[I don't get how "climate" can provide minerals... climate refers to 'meteorological conditions'; so I thought C didn't make sense and picked A, which also doesn't make sense as light can't provide all those things either...]
Seems wrong. "Which" always needs a comma before.
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gmat1011
All plants need light to have a suitable climate, an ample supply of water, and minerals from the soil.

a) to have a suitable climate, an ample supply of water, and minerals from the soil
b) for a suitable climate to have an ample supply of water and minerals from the soil
c) and a suitable climate which provides an ample supply of water and minerals from the soil
d) an ample supply of water and minerals from the soil in order to have a suitable climate
e) in order to have a suitable climate of an ample water supply and minerals of the soil

[I don't get how "climate" can provide minerals... climate refers to 'meteorological conditions'; so I thought C didn't make sense and picked A, which also doesn't make sense as light can't provide all those things either...]
Seems wrong. "Which" always needs a comma before.

Yes, your observation is correct. A non-essential modifier (also known as non-restrictive adjective clause) must be separated by commas, whereas an essential modifier (restrictive adjective clause) does not take a comma.

The relative pronoun which introduces the former and the relative pronoun that introduces the latter.
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