Although Panama’s social spending per person is among the highest in Latin America, its students’ standardized test results rank near the bottom, an effect attributed because of a powerful teacher’s union and an inefficient civil service.


A. students’ standardized test results rank near the bottom, an effect attributed because of

B. standards of students and test results rank near the bottom, an effect attributed to

C. students’ standardized test results rank near the bottom, an effect attributed to

D. students’ standardized test results that rank near the bottom, an effect attributed to

E. students’ standardized test results rank near the bottom, an effect attributed due to
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