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05 May 2026, 08:57
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Bookmarks
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
45%
(medium)
Question Stats:
67% (01:44) correct
33%
(01:51)
wrong
based on 176
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Architect: Obviously, a dirty stone building is less attractive than a clean one. But the process of cleaning stone buildings with water drives the water deep into the stone, eventually causing irreparable damage. Dirt also damages stone buildings, but less than water does. So I am afraid stone buildings must remain dirty if they are to last as long as possible.
Engineer: Not so fast. Advances in technology make it possible to clean stone buildings without water, using mild chemicals that do not penetrate the stone.
The engineer responds to the architect by doing which one of the following?
(A) disputing the accuracy of the evidence that the architect cites in support of the conclusion
(B) showing that the architect's argument is internally inconsistent
(C) describing undesirable consequences that follow from accepting the architect's conclusion
(D) adducing facts selected to show that the architect's conclusion is false
(E) using the evidence cited by the architect to draw an alternative conclusion
Engineer: Not so fast. Advances in technology make it possible to clean stone buildings without water, using mild chemicals that do not penetrate the stone.
The engineer responds to the architect by doing which one of the following?
(A) disputing the accuracy of the evidence that the architect cites in support of the conclusion
(B) showing that the architect's argument is internally inconsistent
(C) describing undesirable consequences that follow from accepting the architect's conclusion
(D) adducing facts selected to show that the architect's conclusion is false
(E) using the evidence cited by the architect to draw an alternative conclusion
05 May 2026, 09:32
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I think the answer should be D.
The architect’s argument is based on the idea that cleaning damages the stone (because of water), so buildings should remain dirty.
But the engineer brings in a new point — cleaning can be done without water using mild chemicals. So the whole assumption that “cleaning = damage” doesn’t hold anymore.
He’s not directly saying the architect’s evidence is wrong, and he’s not showing any contradiction. He’s just introducing a new fact that weakens the conclusion.
Quick check:
(A) not attacking the evidence
(B) no inconsistency
(C) not about consequences
(D) fits — adds facts that weaken the conclusion
So answer is D.
Hope this helps.
– Rajdeep
The architect’s argument is based on the idea that cleaning damages the stone (because of water), so buildings should remain dirty.
But the engineer brings in a new point — cleaning can be done without water using mild chemicals. So the whole assumption that “cleaning = damage” doesn’t hold anymore.
He’s not directly saying the architect’s evidence is wrong, and he’s not showing any contradiction. He’s just introducing a new fact that weakens the conclusion.
Quick check:
(A) not attacking the evidence
(B) no inconsistency
(C) not about consequences
(D) fits — adds facts that weaken the conclusion
So answer is D.
Hope this helps.
– Rajdeep
05 May 2026, 14:00
Kudos
Bookmarks
Architect: Obviously, a dirty stone building is less attractive than a clean one. But the process of cleaning stone buildings with water drives the water deep into the stone, eventually causing irreparable damage. Dirt also damages stone buildings, but less than water does. So I am afraid stone buildings must remain dirty if they are to last as long as possible.
Engineer: Not so fast. Advances in technology make it possible to clean stone buildings without water, using mild chemicals that do not penetrate the stone.
The engineer responds to the architect by doing which one of the following?
The architect concludes that stone buildings must remain dirty because cleaning them with water causes serious damage. The engineer replies by introducing a new fact: stone buildings can now be cleaned without water and without penetration into the stone. So the engineer attacks the conclusion, not the architect’s evidence about water cleaning.
(A) disputing the accuracy of the evidence that the architect cites in support of the conclusion
Wrong. The engineer does not deny that water cleaning damages stone.
(B) showing that the architect's argument is internally inconsistent
Wrong. The architect’s argument is not shown to contradict itself.
(C) describing undesirable consequences that follow from accepting the architect's conclusion
Wrong. The engineer does not say what bad results would follow from leaving buildings dirty.
(D) adducing facts selected to show that the architect's conclusion is false
Correct. The engineer gives facts showing that there is a way to clean stone buildings without the damaging water process, so it is not true that they must remain dirty.
(E) using the evidence cited by the architect to draw an alternative conclusion
Wrong. The engineer does not use the architect’s evidence; the engineer adds new technological information.
Answer: (D)
Engineer: Not so fast. Advances in technology make it possible to clean stone buildings without water, using mild chemicals that do not penetrate the stone.
The engineer responds to the architect by doing which one of the following?
The architect concludes that stone buildings must remain dirty because cleaning them with water causes serious damage. The engineer replies by introducing a new fact: stone buildings can now be cleaned without water and without penetration into the stone. So the engineer attacks the conclusion, not the architect’s evidence about water cleaning.
(A) disputing the accuracy of the evidence that the architect cites in support of the conclusion
Wrong. The engineer does not deny that water cleaning damages stone.
(B) showing that the architect's argument is internally inconsistent
Wrong. The architect’s argument is not shown to contradict itself.
(C) describing undesirable consequences that follow from accepting the architect's conclusion
Wrong. The engineer does not say what bad results would follow from leaving buildings dirty.
(D) adducing facts selected to show that the architect's conclusion is false
Correct. The engineer gives facts showing that there is a way to clean stone buildings without the damaging water process, so it is not true that they must remain dirty.
(E) using the evidence cited by the architect to draw an alternative conclusion
Wrong. The engineer does not use the architect’s evidence; the engineer adds new technological information.
Answer: (D)
09 Jul 2026, 09:10
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Bookmarks
OE for reference:
Overview:
The architect produces an argument that concludes that stone buildings must remain dirty if they are to last as long as possible. This conclusion is based on the fact that, although dirt damages stone, cleaning stone buildings with water is more damaging to those buildings than leaving them dirty is. The engineer objects to the architect's argument by pointing out that stone buildings can be cleaned without water.
The Correct Answer:
D The engineer responds to the architect's argument by bringing in an additional fact, namely, that it is possible to clean stone buildings without water and without damaging penetration of the stone, by using mild chemicals. The description of the chemicals as mild strongly suggests that these chemicals do not damage the stone chemically. And since those chemicals would remove dirt, there would be no continuing damage from dirt. Taken together, these facts strongly suggest that cleaning with mild chemicals is the best way to ensure that stone buildings last as long as possible and that, therefore, the architect's conclusion is false.
The Incorrect Answer Choices:
A The engineer does not take issue with any of the evidence that the architect has cited but, rather, introduces significant new evidence that the architect had not mentioned. In so doing, the engineer does not dispute the accuracy of the architect's evidence but rather its completeness.
B The engineer does not show, or even attempt to show, that some of the evidence used by the architect is contradicted by other evidence that the architect uses. Rather, what the engineer points out is that there is highly relevant evidence that the architect does not use at all.
C The engineer does not describe any of the consequences, desirable or undesirable, that would follow from accepting the architect's conclusion.
E The engineer does imply an alternative conclusion: stone buildings do not have to remain dirty for them to last as long as possible. But this alternative conclusion is not based on the evidence cited by the architect. Rather, the support for this conclusion comes from evidence that is introduced by the engineer.
Overview:
The architect produces an argument that concludes that stone buildings must remain dirty if they are to last as long as possible. This conclusion is based on the fact that, although dirt damages stone, cleaning stone buildings with water is more damaging to those buildings than leaving them dirty is. The engineer objects to the architect's argument by pointing out that stone buildings can be cleaned without water.
The Correct Answer:
D The engineer responds to the architect's argument by bringing in an additional fact, namely, that it is possible to clean stone buildings without water and without damaging penetration of the stone, by using mild chemicals. The description of the chemicals as mild strongly suggests that these chemicals do not damage the stone chemically. And since those chemicals would remove dirt, there would be no continuing damage from dirt. Taken together, these facts strongly suggest that cleaning with mild chemicals is the best way to ensure that stone buildings last as long as possible and that, therefore, the architect's conclusion is false.
The Incorrect Answer Choices:
A The engineer does not take issue with any of the evidence that the architect has cited but, rather, introduces significant new evidence that the architect had not mentioned. In so doing, the engineer does not dispute the accuracy of the architect's evidence but rather its completeness.
B The engineer does not show, or even attempt to show, that some of the evidence used by the architect is contradicted by other evidence that the architect uses. Rather, what the engineer points out is that there is highly relevant evidence that the architect does not use at all.
C The engineer does not describe any of the consequences, desirable or undesirable, that would follow from accepting the architect's conclusion.
E The engineer does imply an alternative conclusion: stone buildings do not have to remain dirty for them to last as long as possible. But this alternative conclusion is not based on the evidence cited by the architect. Rather, the support for this conclusion comes from evidence that is introduced by the engineer.
