domotron
Looks like you a really new to the process and frankly you are rapidly running out of time. Let's address a few of your queries:
1) If your GMAT is Jan 15th then no you cannot apply for R2 since you need a GMAT result in order to apply. You would have to be in R3 and it's tough for internationals because of potential visa issues. Looks like you are Swedish so it should be relatively straight forward but even if you get admitted in R3 but you cannot get your visa issued in time, your admit will be deferred onto next year.
2) Each school have their own separate applications. Generally you will need an electronic copy of your transcript, resume, 2x letters of recommendations, and finally a number of school-specific essays.
3) Letters of recommendation are written by people you choose, generally a minimum of one being professional and preferably by your direct supervisor. These are not standardised. All of them are filled in online and each school have their own specific recommendation questions / forms. It is NOT up to you to write it. It is solely up to the person who writes it to give frank opinions of you as an individual. In fact schools ask you to waive your right to viewing the recommendations. That being said you are well within your right to prepare your recommenders by reminding of stories and qualities you want them to talk about.
My general view is that since you seem to be completely in the dark over the whole process, I would suggest you wait to apply either in R3 or maybe R1 next year. That way you can prepare adequately.
Thank you so much for your insight domotron. Your answers help me a lot. I think I might apply for R3 (Columbia only seems to have one round, in april, so that might give me a fair chance?) and in the worst case I re-apply (with better applications) next year.
Some additional questions though:
IF I get accepted to Stockholm School of Economics, I enroll in August for their 2 year Msc programme. How do ad coms judge an applicant that already is enrolled in a Msc, do you have any insight? Im asking because their judgement might affect whether or not I enroll in august.
Also, do you know if the application process for the Msc's at LSE and LBS are different from the MBA-process you mention?
Thanks in advance!!