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Both X and Y is the correct idiom , X//Y
Whereby means by which and we need in which here ..hence B


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“Both in X and in Y” is the correct idiom. So, we can eliminate A, C and E on this ground.
“and to study” here refers to “painting” and not “intellectual discipline”. So, D is eliminated.
Hence, B is the answer.
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NandishSS
As faithful followers of Dong Qichang, the Four Wangs, Chinese painters of the early Qing dynasty, viewed painting, both in theory and also practice, to be an intellectual discipline whereby the study of classical models and a mastery of brushwork were the two main issues.

NandishSS, POE is explained below

Idiom: Both X and Y ===> both in theory and in practice
Idiom: View A as B ===> viewed painting as an intellectual discipline

Quote:
A) both in theory and also practice, to be an intellectual discipline whereby the study of
"in theory" is not parallel with "also practice"
"and also" is redundant
viewed painting to be intellectual discipline (Viewed A to be B is WRONG USAGE)
Eliminate A

Quote:
B) both in theory and in practice, as an intellectual discipline in which the study of
"in theory" is parallel with "in practice"
viewed painting as an intellectual discipline
Correct Answer Option B.

Quote:
C) both in theory and practice, to be an intellectual discipline in which to study
"in theory" is not parallel with "practice"
viewed painting to be intellectual discipline (Viewed A to be B is WRONG USAGE)
Eliminate C

Quote:
D) in both theory and in practice, as an intellectual discipline, and to study
"in both theory and in practice" ==> Placement of "in" is not parallel.
Eliminate D

Quote:
E) in both theory as well as practice, as an intellectual discipline in which studying
both theory as well as practice (Both X as well as Y is WRONG USAGE)
Eliminate E
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Just wanted to confirm what is the level of this question in terms of difficulty, easy, moderate or difficult?
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aasthakapoor89
Just wanted to confirm what is the level of this question in terms of difficulty, easy, moderate or difficult?

You can check the difficulty level of a question, along with its stats, in the first post. For this question, the Difficulty is at a sub-500 Level (the easiest you can get). The difficulty level of a question is automatically calculated based on the timer stats from the users who have attempted the question.
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