At firms with vertical hierarchical structures, managers are generally unlikely to suggest reductions in the number of employees in their own divisions even when these divisions have more employees than are needed.
Each of the following, if true, supports the claim above EXCEPT:
(a) Many of the world's largest corporations allow managers to offer early retirement as a means of reducing staff.
ANSWER... IT does not give us any reason for the managers not to suggest reductions.
it merely talks of authorization/power given to a manager(b) Managers are typically able to generate more income when they supervise more workers
incentive of earning more(c) Having an abundantly populated stuff enables managers to reduce their workload
Incentive to reduce workload(d) When workers are laid off, it can cause a damaging blow to the morale of the workers that remain at the organization
Incentive to keep morale of employees high(e) At most large corporations, the need for workers can fluctuate dramatically, and unpredictably.
CAN be mistaken as answer by few.
but here incentive is to prepare for unseen contingencies ahead by having extra manpowerA