Hi nandini14,Good instinct to pressure-test the runner-up, since (A) does mention prices and can look relevant at first glance.
Start with what the argument actually needs us to judge. The conclusion is forward-looking:
"it is likely that the level of overall sales of cereal will rise significantly"because wholesale prices are being cut by
20%. So a useful answer must tell us something about whether
that price cut will translate into higher sales.
Now read (A) carefully:
"Whether the high marketing expenses ... led to the increase in cereal prices." Notice the tense and direction. (A) is asking about the
cause of the past price increase - why prices went up over the last
10 years. But the argument doesn't need us to explain
why prices rose earlier; it needs us to test
whether the coming cut will boost sales. Knowing the reason prices went up (marketing costs or anything else) tells us nothing about whether lower wholesale prices will actually reach consumers and lift sales.
That's the flaw:
(A) is true-but-irrelevant - it explains a past cause instead of testing the conclusion's link.Could you
invent a story for (A)? You'd have to argue "if marketing costs caused the rise, they might rise again and cancel the cut" - but that's a chain the argument never mentions, so you'd be smuggling in an outside scenario. Compare that to (D), which sits directly on the gap the argument leaves open: do the lower wholesale prices reach the shelf?
Quick habit-builder - watch how relevance flips with one change of direction:
- "Whether the price cut will be passed on to shoppers" - tests the
future effect. Useful.
- "Whether high costs
caused the earlier price rise" - explains the
past. Not useful.
Whenever an evaluate question hands you a choice about
why something already happened, check it against the conclusion - if the conclusion is a prediction, backward-looking causes usually drop out.
Answer: Dnandini14
Why can't A be the answer? What could be the reasoning for A?