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03 Apr 2025, 07:21
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Between 1980 and 2008, most of India’s agricultural growth came from productivity gains rather than increased use of resources. Efficiency and technical improvements contributed 66% of growth, while conventional inputs—such as land, labor, capital, and materials—accounted for 34%. Average annual productivity growth was 2.1%, though it varied across regions.
Public investment in agricultural research and higher education had the greatest impact on productivity, particularly in the northern, western, and central States. Each ₹1 invested in this area generated ₹18.34 in research benefits.
The second most impactful factor was irrigation expansion. Groundwater-well irrigation contributed more to productivity growth than canal irrigation by enabling broader access to water and allowing more land to be double cropped.
Investment in rural education had mixed effects. Where the average level of rural schooling exceeded 4.3 years, it increased productivity. Where the average level of rural schooling was below 4.3 years, it substantially reduced productivity growth and limited the effectiveness of education investments. This threshold appeared critical for adopting new agricultural practices.
International public agricultural research also supported productivity growth, though its effects could not be separated clearly from private-sector research efforts. Support services such as access to credit and farm advisory programs also expanded considerably during this period but did not show a measurable effect on productivity growth.
Public investment in agricultural research and higher education had the greatest impact on productivity, particularly in the northern, western, and central States. Each ₹1 invested in this area generated ₹18.34 in research benefits.
The second most impactful factor was irrigation expansion. Groundwater-well irrigation contributed more to productivity growth than canal irrigation by enabling broader access to water and allowing more land to be double cropped.
Investment in rural education had mixed effects. Where the average level of rural schooling exceeded 4.3 years, it increased productivity. Where the average level of rural schooling was below 4.3 years, it substantially reduced productivity growth and limited the effectiveness of education investments. This threshold appeared critical for adopting new agricultural practices.
International public agricultural research also supported productivity growth, though its effects could not be separated clearly from private-sector research efforts. Support services such as access to credit and farm advisory programs also expanded considerably during this period but did not show a measurable effect on productivity growth.
Andhra Pradesh
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Difficulty:
35%
(medium)
Question Stats:
68% (03:13) correct
32%
(03:34)
wrong
based on 351
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Which of the following individual states—not including grouped entries such as Old Uttar Pradesh—experienced the greatest absolute increase in the real value of agricultural production between the periods 1980–1984 and 2004–2008?
| Andhra Pradesh | |
| Maharashtra | |
| Gujarat | |
| Punjab | |
| West Bengal |
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Official Answer
Andhra Pradesh
Investment in rural education where the average level of schooling was below 4.3 years.: Significant
Public investment in agricultural research and higher education: Significant
Access to credit and farm advisory programs: Not significant
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45%
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Question Stats:
61% (01:13) correct
39%
(01:12)
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based on 416
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Time
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For each of the following, select Significant if the factor listed is identified as having a significant impact—positive or negative—on agricultural productivity in India between 1980 and 2008. Otherwise, select Not significant.
| Significant | Not significant | |
| Investment in rural education where the average level of schooling was below 4.3 years. | ||
| Public investment in agricultural research and higher education | ||
| Access to credit and farm advisory programs |
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Official Answer
Investment in rural education where the average level of schooling was below 4.3 years.: Significant
Public investment in agricultural research and higher education: Significant
Access to credit and farm advisory programs: Not significant
Gujarat accounted for approximately 25% of the West region’s agricultural production value in 1980–1984.: Yes
For 2004–2008, Andhra Pradesh’s agricultural production accounted for a larger share of its region’s total than any other state’s share within their own region.: No
From 1980 to 2008, the Central region (marked by 4 in the graph in Tab 2) experienced the smallest absolute increase in agricultural production among all six regions.: No
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Difficulty:
95%
(hard)
Question Stats:
31% (03:18) correct
69%
(03:07)
wrong
based on 454
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
For each of the following statements, select Yes if it is supported by the information provided. Otherwise, select No.
| Yes | No | |
| Gujarat accounted for approximately 25% of the West region’s agricultural production value in 1980–1984. | ||
| For 2004–2008, Andhra Pradesh’s agricultural production accounted for a larger share of its region’s total than any other state’s share within their own region. | ||
| From 1980 to 2008, the Central region (marked by 4 in the graph in Tab 2) experienced the smallest absolute increase in agricultural production among all six regions. |
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Official Answer
Gujarat accounted for approximately 25% of the West region’s agricultural production value in 1980–1984.: Yes
For 2004–2008, Andhra Pradesh’s agricultural production accounted for a larger share of its region’s total than any other state’s share within their own region.: No
From 1980 to 2008, the Central region (marked by 4 in the graph in Tab 2) experienced the smallest absolute increase in agricultural production among all six regions.: No
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28 May 2025, 01:15
Kudos
Bookmarks
Official Solution:
Gujarat accounted for approximately 25% of the West region’s agricultural production value in 1980–1984.
• According to Tab 2, the West region consists of Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Maharashtra. Tab 3 shows that in 1980–1984, Rajasthan contributed approximately ₹100 billion, Gujarat also contributed approximately ₹100 billion, and Maharashtra contributed approximately ₹200 billion. Therefore, Gujarat’s share of the West region’s total was approximately 100 / (100 + 100 + 200) = 1/4, or 25%, supporting the statement.
For 2004–2008, Andhra Pradesh’s agricultural production accounted for a larger share of its region’s total than any other state’s share within their own region.
• Andhra Pradesh is part of the South region (marked by 1 in the graph in Tab 2). In 2008, the South region accounted for approximately ₹1.7 trillion in agricultural production. According to Tab 3, Andhra Pradesh contributed about ₹660 billion, or roughly 40% of its region’s total. However, the Northeast region consists solely of Assam, meaning Assam accounted for 100% of its region’s production—clearly more than Andhra Pradesh’s share. Therefore, the statement is not supported.
From 1980 to 2008, the Central region (marked by 4 in the graph in Tab 2) experienced the smallest absolute increase in agricultural production among all six regions.
• According to the graph in Tab 2, the Central region (marked by 4) shows relatively modest growth in agricultural production between 1980 and 2008. However, the Northeast region (marked by 2) displays an even smaller absolute increase in production over the same period. Therefore, the statement is not supported.
Correct answer:
Gujarat accounted for approximately 25% of the West region’s agricultural production value in both 1980–1984 and 2004–2008.
"Yes"
For 2004–2008, Andhra Pradesh’s agricultural production accounted for a larger share of its region’s total than any other state’s share within their own region. "No"
From 1980 to 2008, the Central region (marked by 4 in the graph in Tab 2) experienced the smallest absolute increase in agricultural production among all six regions. "No"
Bunuel
Gujarat accounted for approximately 25% of the West region’s agricultural production value in 1980–1984.
• According to Tab 2, the West region consists of Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Maharashtra. Tab 3 shows that in 1980–1984, Rajasthan contributed approximately ₹100 billion, Gujarat also contributed approximately ₹100 billion, and Maharashtra contributed approximately ₹200 billion. Therefore, Gujarat’s share of the West region’s total was approximately 100 / (100 + 100 + 200) = 1/4, or 25%, supporting the statement.
For 2004–2008, Andhra Pradesh’s agricultural production accounted for a larger share of its region’s total than any other state’s share within their own region.
• Andhra Pradesh is part of the South region (marked by 1 in the graph in Tab 2). In 2008, the South region accounted for approximately ₹1.7 trillion in agricultural production. According to Tab 3, Andhra Pradesh contributed about ₹660 billion, or roughly 40% of its region’s total. However, the Northeast region consists solely of Assam, meaning Assam accounted for 100% of its region’s production—clearly more than Andhra Pradesh’s share. Therefore, the statement is not supported.
From 1980 to 2008, the Central region (marked by 4 in the graph in Tab 2) experienced the smallest absolute increase in agricultural production among all six regions.
• According to the graph in Tab 2, the Central region (marked by 4) shows relatively modest growth in agricultural production between 1980 and 2008. However, the Northeast region (marked by 2) displays an even smaller absolute increase in production over the same period. Therefore, the statement is not supported.
Correct answer:
Gujarat accounted for approximately 25% of the West region’s agricultural production value in both 1980–1984 and 2004–2008.
"Yes"
For 2004–2008, Andhra Pradesh’s agricultural production accounted for a larger share of its region’s total than any other state’s share within their own region. "No"
From 1980 to 2008, the Central region (marked by 4 in the graph in Tab 2) experienced the smallest absolute increase in agricultural production among all six regions. "No"
26 May 2025, 01:15
Kudos
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Official Solution:
Analyzing the chart in Tab 3 and excluding all grouped states such as Old Uttar Pradesh, we see that Andhra Pradesh shows the greatest absolute increase in real agricultural production, rising from approximately ₹240 billion in 1980–1984 to ₹660 billion in 2004–2008—an increase of about ₹420 billion.
Correct answer:
Which of the following individual states—not including grouped entries such as Old Uttar Pradesh—experienced the greatest absolute increase in the real value of agricultural production between the periods 1980–1984 and 2004–2008? "Andhra Pradesh"
Bunuel
Analyzing the chart in Tab 3 and excluding all grouped states such as Old Uttar Pradesh, we see that Andhra Pradesh shows the greatest absolute increase in real agricultural production, rising from approximately ₹240 billion in 1980–1984 to ₹660 billion in 2004–2008—an increase of about ₹420 billion.
Correct answer:
Which of the following individual states—not including grouped entries such as Old Uttar Pradesh—experienced the greatest absolute increase in the real value of agricultural production between the periods 1980–1984 and 2004–2008? "Andhra Pradesh"
