Both weakened by concern about the government’s agreement with the Int

Will go for 'E' .

'D' - continued.....forcing - tense mismatch. Also 'by' should follow 'weakened' (verb) and not 'both' (pronoun) - which represents the concerns

Fistail ,

Can you tell without ambiguity and with certainty what the pronoun "which" in answer choice E refers to ?

Does it refer to "its" (when "its" seems to be referring to the dollar)
OR
Does it refer to the "slide" ? (slide in this case is a noun)

Explanation of why slide is a noun:
Its like saying "The run felt good"
In which case run is a name given to the action and not the action itself, hence its a noun. Similar concept applies to slide.

IMO its not clear what the pronoun "which" in choice E refers to. so I would eliminate E and choose answer D.

Cheers.

'Which' need not modify the the immediate noun preceeding it but can modify the whole clause instead.
'Which' and 'that' are specials pronouns that can be used relativley in restricitve and non-restrictive clauses.

As used in the sentence below:
He hung around for hours and, which was worse, kept me from doing my work.

But isn't the usage 'weekend by' better than 'weekened both by'?

Firstly, GMAT prefers the subject to be at the beginning of the Sentence. Therefore you should look for sentence that does exactly that. That leaves us D and E. E is wrong because which at the end of the sentence modifies Dollar.

C uses It, which does not have a clear referent. Also, it completely destroys the parallelism. Ideally moment you spot a list check the answer choices that maintain parallelism, it will help you eliminate the wrong answer choices.

Another mistake people make is that when the idiom used is Both X and Y, sentence should only have 2 items i.e. Both X,Y, and Z is wrong. It’s a trick used my Question framers.

First, using ‘which forced’ in not right here; it should be ‘forcing’. This let us to eliminate A, B, E.
For D and C, watch for || in 'both… and…' construction.

C: ‘both because it was weakened by concern… and by growing fears’ is wrong; it should be ‘‘both because … and because…’
Both because it was X and Y (wrong)
Because it was both X and Y (correct)
So, option C can be eliminated.

D: ‘weakened both by concern… and by growing fears’ – clearly ||, so this is the answer.
the parallel elements are "by concern" and "by fears".
"fears" is modified by the adjective "growing", but that is irrelevant; the inclusion of additional modifiers/adjectives/adverbs does not affect parallelism.

Both weakened by concern about the government’s agreement with the International Monetary Fund and by growing fears of a rise in inflation, the country’s currency continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, which forced the central bank to intervene for the fourth time in a week.

a. Both weakened by concern about the government’s agreement with the International Monetary Fund and by growing fears of a rise in inflation, the country’s currency continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, which forced - Parallelism issue - Both X and Y -- X and Y should be parallel ; incorrect usage of which
b. Both concern about the government’s agreement with the international monetary fund and the growing fears of a rise in inflation weakened the country’s currency, continuing its slide to a record low against the dollar, which forced - incorrect usage of which
c. Both because it was weakened by concern about the government’s agreement with the international monetary fund and by growing fears of a rise in inflation, the country's currency continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, forcing - Both X and Y -- X and Y should be parallel
d. The country’s currency, weakened both by concern about the government’s agreement with the international monetary fund and by growing fears of a rise in inflation, continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, forcing - Correct
e. The country’s currency, weakened by both concern about the government’s agreement with the international monetary fund and growing fears of a raise in inflation, continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, which forced. - incorrect usage of which

Answer D

Both weakened by concern about the government’s agreement with the International Monetary Fund and by growing fears of a rise in inflation, the country’s currency continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, which forced the central bank to intervene for the fourth time in a week.


A. Both weakened by concern about the government’s agreement with the International Monetary Fund and by growing fears of a rise in inflation, the country’s currency continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, which forced

Which can not modify the whole previous clause

B. Both concern about the government’s agreement with the International monetary fund and the growing fears of a rise in inflation weakened the country’s currency, continuing its slide to a record low against the dollar, which forced

Sentence lacks verb

C. Both because it was weakened by concern about the government’s agreement with the International monetary fund and by growing fears of a rise in inflation, the country's currency continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, forcing

Both because it was too wordy and it has no reference

D. The country’s currency, weakened both by concern about the government’s agreement with the International monetary fund and by growing fears of a rise in inflation, continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, forcing

Everything perfect,modifiers are properly placed

E. The country’s currency, weakened by both concern about the government’s agreement with the International monetary fund and growing fears of a raise in inflation, continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, which forced.

Which can not modify the whole previous clause

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