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Caffeine is a chemical compound that stimulates the human central

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Caffeine is a chemical compound that stimulates the human central [#permalink] New post   20 Feb 2024, 02:30
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­Caffeine is a chemical compound that stimulates the human central nervous system. Research into the effects of caffeine has been performed by a myriad of companies from different places around the world, and new evidence is published every few months. High caffeine intakes cause nervousness and insomnia in some subjects while drowsiness and repose are experienced by others. Furthermore, some people report a laxative effect while in others it can result in constipation.

Which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by the information above?

(A) Since there is not enough consistency with regards to results, research of such a chemical is not advantageous and should be discontinued.

(B) The individuality of human subjects creates difficulty when attempting to form a definitive judgement about the symptoms of caffeine.

(C) Caffeine does not affect the central nervous system in all people and, therefore, physiological symptoms can also vary.

(D) Caffeine can act as an addictive substance causing unpleasant side effects and harm to the human body's basic functions.

(E) To conduct more accurate research, examinations should be carried out on larger test groups.


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Angad2553
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Re: Caffeine is a chemical compound that stimulates the human central [#permalink] New post   20 Feb 2024, 03:26
Ans B
The individuality of human subjects creates difficulty when attempting to form a definitive judgement about the symptoms of caffeine.

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Re: Caffeine is a chemical compound that stimulates the human central [#permalink] New post   20 Feb 2024, 10:10
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The argument states that caffeine has been researched widely, and that it was shown to have varying side effects in different individuals.

(A) Since there is not enough consistency with regards to results, research of such a chemical is not advantageous and should be discontinued.
'Not advantageous' is a strong claim, and this tone is not used in this argument.

(B) The individuality of human subjects creates difficulty when attempting to form a definitive judgement about the symptoms of caffeine.
Correct answer.

(C) Caffeine does not affect the central nervous system in all people and, therefore, physiological symptoms can also vary.
We already know from the argument that caffeine stimulates the central nervous system. Just because caffeine is causing laxative feects & constipation in some people doesn't mean that their central nervous system is not getting affected. Eliminate.

(D) Caffeine can act as an addictive substance causing unpleasant side effects and harm to the human body's basic functions.
Out of scope.

(E) To conduct more accurate research, examinations should be carried out on larger test groups.­
We don't know whether the research conducted so far is 'inaccurate.

Answer is B.
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Re: Caffeine is a chemical compound that stimulates the human central [#permalink] New post   02 Mar 2024, 17:00
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OFFICIAL EXPLANATION

Caffeine is a chemical compound that stimulates the human central nervous system. Research into the effects of caffeine has been performed by a myriad of companies from different places around the world, and new evidence is published every few months. High caffeine intakes cause nervousness and insomnia in some subjects while drowsiness and repose are experienced by others. Furthermore, some people report a laxative effect while in others it can result in constipation.

Which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by the information above?

(A) Since there is not enough consistency with regards to results, research of such a chemical is not advantageous and should be discontinued.

Incorrect.

This is an Inference question, so it is made up of premises only; you need to find a conclusion stemming from those premises:

Premise A: Caffeine stimulates the central nervous system
+
Premise B: Many companies in different places have researched the effects of caffeine. This research continues and reports are published regularly.
+
Premise C: After receiving high amounts of caffeine, some people feel nervous and cannot sleep. Others feel sleepy and calm.
+
Premise D: After receiving high amounts of caffeine, some people experience a laxative effect while others experience constipation.
=
Conclusion: ?

This answer choice jumps to an unsupported conclusion. Although the symptoms experienced by subjects vary, we cannot assume that the research is not useful in some way and that nothing can be learned from it.

(B) The individuality of human subjects creates difficulty when attempting to form a definitive judgement about the symptoms of caffeine.

The argument gives us the impression that caffeine affects people in very different ways. Therefore, forming a concrete judgment about symptoms caused by the substance is difficult.

(C) Caffeine does not affect the central nervous system in all people and, therefore, physiological symptoms can also vary.

Incorrect.

This is an Inference question, so it is made up of premises only; you need to find a conclusion stemming from those premises:

Premise A: Caffeine stimulates the central nervous system
+
Premise B: Many companies in different places have researched the effects of caffeine. This research continues and reports are published regularly.
+
Premise C: After receiving high amounts of caffeine, some people feel nervous and cannot sleep. Others feel sleepy and calm.
+
Premise D: After receiving high amounts of caffeine, some people experience a laxative effect while others experience constipation.
=
Conclusion: ?

This conclusion contradicts the premise A. The fact that the symptoms may vary does not mean that the central nervous system in some people is not affected.

(D) Caffeine can act as an addictive substance causing unpleasant side effects and harm to the human body's basic functions.

Incorrect.

This answer choice introduces additional information about addiction that is not mentioned by the argument. Look for a conclusion based on information found in the premises given.

(E) To conduct more accurate research, examinations should be carried out on larger test groups.

Incorrect.

We cannot assume that the research mentioned in the argument was conducted inaccurately. Contradicting results in subjects do not imply anything about the accuracy of the collection of those results.

Furthermore, we know nothing about the size of test groups used in all the experiments mentioned in the argument so we cannot come to any conclusions in that regard.­­
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Re: Caffeine is a chemical compound that stimulates the human central [#permalink]
02 Mar 2024, 17:00
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